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Objective-C-类，static方法、实例方法、overwrite

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先来定义一个Human父类

定义部分：

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//

// Human.h

// OOP

//

// Created by jimmy.yang on 11-2-9.

// Copyright 2011 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.

//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interfaceHuman :NSObject{

BOOLsex;

}

+(void) toString;

-(void) showSex;

@end

注：+(void)前的加号，就表示这一个是类方法(static 方法)，而-(void)表示这是一个实例方法

实现部分：

注意：下面的 -(id) init 即为构造函数。对应的，还有一个-(void)dealloc方法用来释放资源（类似于析构函数或c#中的dispose()方法）-注：dealloc方法以后在内存管理中详细学习，这里先不管它。

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//

// Human.m

// OOP

//

// Created by jimmy.yang on 11-2-9.

// Copyright 2011 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.

//

#import "Human.h"

@implementationHuman

//构造函数

-(id) init

{

NSLog(@"init() in Human is called");

sex = TRUE;

return(self);

}

//static类方法

+ (void)toString

{

NSLog(@"this is a class method of Human");

}

//实例方法

- (void)showSex

{

NSLog(@"my sex is %@",sex?@"MALE":@"FEMALE");

}

@end

再来定义一个Woman子类

定义部分：

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//

// Woman.h

// OOP

//

// Created by jimmy.yang on 11-2-9.

// Copyright 2011 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.

//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

#import "Human.h"

@interfaceWoman : Human {

BOOLmarried;

}

-(void) canCook:(NSString*) foodName;

-(void) setMarried:(BOOL)m;

-(BOOL) Married;

@end

实现部分：

注意下面的：setMarried 与 Married 就是obj-C中属性的标准写法(当然以后还能看到其它简化的写法)

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//

// Woman.m

// OOP

//

// Created by jimmy.yang on 11-2-9.

// Copyright 2011 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.

//

#import "Woman.h"

@implementationWoman

//Woman类的构造函数

-(id) init{

NSLog(@"init() in Woman is called!");

if(self==[superinit]){

sex = FALSE;

married = FALSE;

}

return(self);

}

//overwrite父类中的toString()

+(void)toString

{

NSLog(@"This is Woman's ToString()");

}

//Woman能做饭

-(void)canCook:(NSString*) foodName

{

NSLog(@"I can cook %@",foodName);

}

//属性的setter

-(void) setMarried:(BOOL)m

{

married = m;

}

//属性的getter

-(BOOL) Married

{

returnmarried;

}

@end

main方法中的调用：

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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

#import "Human.h"

#import "Woman.h"

intmain (intargc,constchar* argv[]) {

NSAutoreleasePool* pool = [[NSAutoreleasePoolalloc] init];

// insert code here...

NSLog(@"Hello, World!");

//调用类的“静态”方法

[Human toString];

NSLog(@"----------------");

//创造一个Human的实例

Human *man = [Humannew];

//调用man的showSex方法

[man showSex];

NSLog(@"----------------");

//定义一个Woman子类的实例

Woman *wife = [Womannew];

[wife canCook:@"Rice"];

//调用继承自父类的方法

[wife showSex];

//设置属性

[wife setMarried:TRUE];

//读取属性值

NSLog(@"wife's married = %@",wife.Married==NO?@"FALSE":@"TRUE");

NSLog(@"----------------");

//调用overwrite后的toString方法

[Woman toString];

//Factory模式中常用的手法，在这里依然适用(只不过编译时会有警告 'Human' may not respond to '-canCook:')

Human *wife2 = [Womannew];

[wife2 canCook:@"soap"];

NSLog(@"----------------");

[pool drain];

return0;

}

运行结果：

2011-02-09 17:01:02.016 OOP[1725:a0f] Hello, World!

2011-02-09 17:01:02.053 OOP[1725:a0f] this is a class method of Human

2011-02-09 17:01:02.062 OOP[1725:a0f] ----------------

2011-02-09 17:01:02.075 OOP[1725:a0f] init() in Human is called

2011-02-09 17:01:02.091 OOP[1725:a0f] my sex is MALE

2011-02-09 17:01:02.094 OOP[1725:a0f] ----------------

2011-02-09 17:01:02.099 OOP[1725:a0f] init() in Woman is called!

2011-02-09 17:01:02.104 OOP[1725:a0f] init() in Human is called

2011-02-09 17:01:02.105 OOP[1725:a0f] I can cook Rice

2011-02-09 17:01:02.108 OOP[1725:a0f] my sex is FEMALE

2011-02-09 17:01:02.109 OOP[1725:a0f] wife's married = TRUE

2011-02-09 17:01:02.111 OOP[1725:a0f] ----------------

2011-02-09 17:01:02.116 OOP[1725:a0f] This is Woman's ToString()

2011-02-09 17:01:02.120 OOP[1725:a0f] init() in Woman is called!

2011-02-09 17:01:02.121 OOP[1725:a0f] init() in Human is called

2011-02-09 17:01:02.123 OOP[1725:a0f] I can cook soap

2011-02-09 17:01:02.125 OOP[1725:a0f] ----------------

作者：菩提树下的杨过

出处：http://yjmyzz.cnblogs.com

本文版权归作者和博客园共有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。

原文：http://www.cnblogs.com/yjmyzz/archive/2011/02/09/1950305.html

先来定义一个Human父类

定义部分：

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//

// Human.h

// OOP

//

// Created by jimmy.yang on 11-2-9.

// Copyright 2011 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.

//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interfaceHuman :NSObject{

BOOLsex;

}

+(void) toString;

-(void) showSex;

@end

注：+(void)前的加号，就表示这一个是类方法(static 方法)，而-(void)表示这是一个实例方法

实现部分：

注意：下面的 -(id) init 即为构造函数。对应的，还有一个-(void)dealloc方法用来释放资源（类似于析构函数或c#中的dispose()方法）-注：dealloc方法以后在内存管理中详细学习，这里先不管它。

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//

// Human.m

// OOP

//

// Created by jimmy.yang on 11-2-9.

// Copyright 2011 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.

//

#import "Human.h"

@implementationHuman

//构造函数

-(id) init

{

NSLog(@"init() in Human is called");

sex = TRUE;

return(self);

}

//static类方法

+ (void)toString

{

NSLog(@"this is a class method of Human");

}

//实例方法

- (void)showSex

{

NSLog(@"my sex is %@",sex?@"MALE":@"FEMALE");

}

@end

再来定义一个Woman子类

定义部分：

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//

// Woman.h

// OOP

//

// Created by jimmy.yang on 11-2-9.

// Copyright 2011 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.

//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

#import "Human.h"

@interfaceWoman : Human {

BOOLmarried;

}

-(void) canCook:(NSString*) foodName;

-(void) setMarried:(BOOL)m;

-(BOOL) Married;

@end

实现部分：

注意下面的：setMarried 与 Married 就是obj-C中属性的标准写法(当然以后还能看到其它简化的写法)

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//

// Woman.m

// OOP

//

// Created by jimmy.yang on 11-2-9.

// Copyright 2011 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.

//

#import "Woman.h"

@implementationWoman

//Woman类的构造函数

-(id) init{

NSLog(@"init() in Woman is called!");

if(self==[superinit]){

sex = FALSE;

married = FALSE;

}

return(self);

}

//overwrite父类中的toString()

+(void)toString

{

NSLog(@"This is Woman's ToString()");

}

//Woman能做饭

-(void)canCook:(NSString*) foodName

{

NSLog(@"I can cook %@",foodName);

}

//属性的setter

-(void) setMarried:(BOOL)m

{

married = m;

}

//属性的getter

-(BOOL) Married

{

returnmarried;

}

@end

main方法中的调用：

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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

#import "Human.h"

#import "Woman.h"

intmain (intargc,constchar* argv[]) {

NSAutoreleasePool* pool = [[NSAutoreleasePoolalloc] init];

// insert code here...

NSLog(@"Hello, World!");

//调用类的“静态”方法

[Human toString];

NSLog(@"----------------");

//创造一个Human的实例

Human *man = [Humannew];

//调用man的showSex方法

[man showSex];

NSLog(@"----------------");

//定义一个Woman子类的实例

Woman *wife = [Womannew];

[wife canCook:@"Rice"];

//调用继承自父类的方法

[wife showSex];

//设置属性

[wife setMarried:TRUE];

//读取属性值

NSLog(@"wife's married = %@",wife.Married==NO?@"FALSE":@"TRUE");

NSLog(@"----------------");

//调用overwrite后的toString方法

[Woman toString];

//Factory模式中常用的手法，在这里依然适用(只不过编译时会有警告 'Human' may not respond to '-canCook:')

Human *wife2 = [Womannew];

[wife2 canCook:@"soap"];

NSLog(@"----------------");

[pool drain];

return0;

}

运行结果：

2011-02-09 17:01:02.016 OOP[1725:a0f] Hello, World!

2011-02-09 17:01:02.053 OOP[1725:a0f] this is a class method of Human

2011-02-09 17:01:02.062 OOP[1725:a0f] ----------------

2011-02-09 17:01:02.075 OOP[1725:a0f] init() in Human is called

2011-02-09 17:01:02.091 OOP[1725:a0f] my sex is MALE

2011-02-09 17:01:02.094 OOP[1725:a0f] ----------------

2011-02-09 17:01:02.099 OOP[1725:a0f] init() in Woman is called!

2011-02-09 17:01:02.104 OOP[1725:a0f] init() in Human is called

2011-02-09 17:01:02.105 OOP[1725:a0f] I can cook Rice

2011-02-09 17:01:02.108 OOP[1725:a0f] my sex is FEMALE

2011-02-09 17:01:02.109 OOP[1725:a0f] wife's married = TRUE

2011-02-09 17:01:02.111 OOP[1725:a0f] ----------------

2011-02-09 17:01:02.116 OOP[1725:a0f] This is Woman's ToString()

2011-02-09 17:01:02.120 OOP[1725:a0f] init() in Woman is called!

2011-02-09 17:01:02.121 OOP[1725:a0f] init() in Human is called

2011-02-09 17:01:02.123 OOP[1725:a0f] I can cook soap

2011-02-09 17:01:02.125 OOP[1725:a0f] ----------------

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