Java 使用 Apache 的 HttpClient 组件发送 https 请求

2024-03-31 04:55•服务端开发•阅读 4543

如果我们直接通过普通的方式对https的链接发送请求，会报一个如下的错误：

javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
    at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:192)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1886)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:276)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:270)
    at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1341)
    at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(ClientHandshaker.java:153)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Handshaker.java:868)
    at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Handshaker.java:804)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:1016)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1312)
    at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.writeRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:702)
    at sun.security.ssl.AppOutputStream.write(AppOutputStream.java:122)
    at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flushBuffer(BufferedOutputStream.java:82)
    at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flush(BufferedOutputStream.java:140)
    at java.io.FilterOutputStream.flush(FilterOutputStream.java:140)
    at org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.StringRequestEntity.writeRequest(StringRequestEntity.java:146)
    at org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.EntityEnclosingMethod.writeRequestBody(EntityEnclosingMethod.java:499)
    at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase.writeRequest(HttpMethodBase.java:2114)
    at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodBase.execute(HttpMethodBase.java:1096)
    at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodDirector.executeWithRetry(HttpMethodDirector.java:398)
    at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpMethodDirector.executeMethod(HttpMethodDirector.java:171)
    at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient.executeMethod(HttpClient.java:397)
    at org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient.executeMethod(HttpClient.java:323)
    at com.xxx.yyy.portal.utils.HttpRequest.exeRequest(HttpRequest.java:148)
    at com.xxx.yyy.portal.utils.HttpDemo1.main(HttpDemo1.java:15)
Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
    at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:385)
    at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.engineValidate(PKIXValidator.java:292)
    at sun.security.validator.Validator.validate(Validator.java:260)
    at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.validate(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:326)
    at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:231)
    at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:126)
    at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1323)
    ... 20 more
Caused by: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
    at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.engineBuild(SunCertPathBuilder.java:196)
    at java.security.cert.CertPathBuilder.build(CertPathBuilder.java:268)
    at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:380)
    ... 26 more

这个错表示https的链接需要证书验证，普通的方式不能完成https链接的请求。

直接给出代码，封装成工具类，提供了两种实现方式。

第一种完成使用Java自身的Api实现；

第二种使用Apache的httpclient相关jar包实现，注意需要引入apache httpclient的相关依赖包，如下：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
    <version>4.2.1</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.6</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.1</version>
</dependency>

工具类

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;

import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class HttpRequest {

    public static String exeHttpsRequest(String URL, String message, String token) {
        String body = "";
        CloseableHttpClient client = null;
        try {
            // 采用绕过验证的方式处理https请求
            SSLContext sslcontext = createIgnoreVerifySSL();
            // 设置协议http和https对应的处理socket链接工厂的对象
            Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create()
                    .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
                    .register("https", new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext,
                            SSLConnectionSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER))
                    .build();
            PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(
                    socketFactoryRegistry);
            HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager);

            // 创建自定义的httpclient对象
            client = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connManager).build();
            // CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

            // 创建post方式请求对象
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(URL);

            // 指定报文头Content-type、User-Agent
            httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
            httpPost.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + token);
            httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:6.0.2) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/6.0.2");
            StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(message, "UTF-8");
            stringEntity.setContentType("application/json");

            httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
            // 执行请求操作，并拿到结果（同步阻塞）
            CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);

            // 获取结果实体
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (entity != null) {
                // 按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
                body = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
            }

            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
            // 释放链接
            response.close();
            // System.out.println("body:" + body);
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                client.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return body;

    }

    private static SSLContext createIgnoreVerifySSL() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException {
        SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSLv3");

        // 实现一个X509TrustManager接口，用于绕过验证，不用修改里面的方法
        X509TrustManager trustManager = new X509TrustManager() {
            @Override
            public void checkClientTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate,
                    String paramString) throws CertificateException {
            }

            @Override
            public void checkServerTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] paramArrayOfX509Certificate,
                    String paramString) throws CertificateException {
            }

            @Override
            public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
                return null;
            }
        };

        sc.init(null, new TrustManager[] { trustManager }, null);
        return sc;
    }

    private static class TrustAnyTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {

        public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
        }

        public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
        }

        public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
            return new X509Certificate[] {};
        }
    }

    private static class TrustAnyHostnameVerifier implements HostnameVerifier {
        public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
            return true;
        }
    }

    public static String sendSSLPostRequest(String url, String param) {
        PrintWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        String result = "";
        try {
            // URLEncoder.encode(param,"UTF-8");

            URL realUrl = new URL(url);
            URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Encoding", "utf-8");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Charsert", "utf-8");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            if (conn instanceof HttpsURLConnection) {
                SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
                sc.init(null, new TrustManager[] { new TrustAnyTrustManager() }, new java.security.SecureRandom());
                ((HttpsURLConnection) conn).setSSLSocketFactory(sc.getSocketFactory());
                ((HttpsURLConnection) conn).setHostnameVerifier(new TrustAnyHostnameVerifier());
            }
            out = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), "utf-8"));

            out.print(param);
            out.flush();
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("POST 请求异常！！！" + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (out != null) {
                    out.close();
                }
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        return result;
    }
}

全文完。

原文地址：

https://www.cnblogs.com/poterliu/p/9373478.html

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Java 使用 Apache 的 HttpClient 组件发送 https 请求

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