ubuntu14.04搭建ftp服务器

一，搭建匿名FTP服务器

实现ftp匿名登录，上传，下载，重命名文件。

1. 首先安装vsftpd：sudo apt-get install vsftpd，装好之后，默认的ftp根目录是在 /srv/ftp

2. 为该目录设置分组及权限： （默认分组和权限如下，不用改）

sudo chown root:ftp /srv/ftp

sudo chmod 755 /srv/ftp (注意：vsftpd对ftp的根目录权限有要求，最好是755，我试过777，会出错，连不上ftp)

3. 接着创建子文件夹，并设置子文件夹的分组及权限

sudo mkdir /srv/ftp/upload

sudo chown root:ftp /srv/ftp/upload

sudo chmod 777 /srv/ftp/upload (为该子文件夹设置777权限，可使匿名用户在upload文件夹里面上传文件。注意：匿名用户在ftp文件夹里是无法上传文件的)

4. 配置vsftpd.conf

sudo vim /etc/vsftpd.conf

主要添加以下几项()：

anonymous_enable=YES

write_enable=YES

anon_upload_enable=YES

anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

anon_other_write_enable=YES

anon_umask=022

然后保存，退出，重启vsftpd即可

sudo service vsftpd restart

若想修改ftp的根目录，在配置文件中加一句

anon_root=/home/uftp (注意：这里的uftp文件夹需设置文件夹分组及权限，具体步骤和上面相同)

vsftpd.conf文件内容如下

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1. # Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
2. #
3. # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
4. # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
5. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
6. #
7. # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
8. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
9. # capabilities.
10. #
11. #
12. # Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
13. # daemon started from an initscript.
14. listen=YES
15. #
16. # Run standalone with IPv6?
17. # Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket
18. # instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually
19. # exclusive.
20. #listen_ipv6=YES
21. #
22. # Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default)
23. anonymous_enable=YES
24. ftp_username=ftp
25. no_anon_password=YES
26. #
27. # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
28. local_enable=YES
29. #
30. # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
31. write_enable=YES
32. #
33. # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
34. # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
35. local_umask=022
36. anon_umask=022
37. #
38. # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
39. # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
40. # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
41. anon_upload_enable=YES
42. #
43. # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
44. # new directories.
45. anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
46. anon_other_write_enable=YES
47. #
48. # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
49. # go into a certain directory.
50. dirmessage_enable=YES
51. #
52. # If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
53. # in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The
54. # times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
55. # option.
56. use_localtime=YES
57. #
58. # Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
59. xferlog_enable=YES
60. #
61. # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
62. connect_from_port_20=YES
63. #
64. # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
65. # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
66. # recommended!
67. #chown_uploads=YES
68. #chown_username=whoever
69. #
70. # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
71. # below.
72. #xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
73. #
74. # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
75. # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
76. #xferlog_std_format=YES
77. #
78. # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
79. #idle_session_timeout=600
80. #
81. # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
82. #data_connection_timeout=120
83. #
84. # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
85. # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
86. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure
87. #
88. # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
89. # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
90. # however, may confuse older FTP clients.
91. #async_abor_enable=YES
92. #
93. # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
94. # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
95. # mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
96. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
97. # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
98. # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
99. # raw file.
100. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
101. #ascii_upload_enable=YES
102. #ascii_download_enable=YES
103. #
104. # You may fully customise the login banner string:
105. #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
106. #
107. # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
108. # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
109. #deny_email_enable=YES
110. # (default follows)
111. #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
112. #
113. # You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for
114. # the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
115. # chroot_list_enable below.
116. #chroot_local_user=YES
117. #
118. # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
119. # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
120. # users to NOT chroot().
121. # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
122. # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
123. # chroot)
124. #chroot_local_user=YES
125. #chroot_list_enable=YES
126. # (default follows)
127. #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
128. #
129. # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
130. # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
131. # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
132. # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
133. #ls_recurse_enable=YES
134. #
135. # Customization
136. #
137. # Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
138. # default.
139. #
140. # This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the
141. # directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
142. # as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
143. # access.
144. secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
145. #
146. # This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
147. pam_service_name=vsftpd
148. #
149. # This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
150. # encrypted connections.
151. rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
152. # This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL
153. # encrypted connections.</span>
154. rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key</span>

5. 访问方式

在网页上输入ftp://ip地址

二. 搭建本地需要密码验证的FTP服务器

1. 在Ubuntu 14.04 上安装 FTP 服务

linuxidc@linuxidc:~$ sudo apt-get install vsftpd

2. 修改配置文件

取消如下行的注释（行号为29和33）

write_enable=YES

local_umask=022

>> 取消如下行的注释（行号120）来阻止除了用户文件夹意外的文件夹。

chroot_local_user=YES

再加如下两行：

allow_writeable_chroot=YES

chroot_list_enable=NO（貌似不要也行）

>>可以添加如下行开启消极模式，这个加上的话，经测试不能连接到远程连接到ftp，原因未知

#pasv_enable=Yes

#pasv_min_port=40000

#pasv_max_port=40100

3. 重启vsftpd服务

linuxidc@linuxidc:~$ sudo service vsftpd restart

4. 现在ftp服务器正在监听21端口。用如下命令创建用户。用 /usr/sbin/nologin 脚本来阻止ftp用户访问bash脚本。

linuxidc@linuxidc:~$ sudo useradd -m jacky -s /usr/sbin/nologin

linuxidc@linuxidc:~$ sudo passwd jacky

5. 开启nologin脚本的开机访问。打开 /etc/shells 并把如下行添加进去。

/usr/sbin/nologin

6. 更改ftp默认文件夹的权限

chown jacky:jacky /srv/ftp

现在试着用刚创建的用户通过21端口连接ftp服务器。客户端采用 winscp 或 filezilla 。验证用户是不是真的不能访问home文件夹之外的文件夹。

注意：

1. 用户jacky的家目录/home/jacky，是ftp进行上传和下载文件的地方。

2. ftp的默认文件夹所属需要改成jacky才不会报错

三：ubuntu下vsftpd虚拟用户的配置

查看链接：https://www.ilanni.com/?p=10071，还没经过验证