ubuntu14.04安装与配置nginx服务器

去年曾经配置过nginx服务器，可惜的是，几个月前因故障磁盘被格式化。今天又要用到nginx服务，所以从新配置了一番，但这次就不是那么顺利了。在此，愿与大家分享一下经验。只是简单的局域网应用，并未复杂配置。

命令行安装：

$sudo apt-get install nginx

如果缺少依赖包，可以$sudo apt-get update之后再执行上面的命令。

以下是排错：

$ sudo service nginx restart

* Restarting nginx nginx [fail]

$ sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults //添加自启动

System start/stop links for /etc/init.d/nginx already exist.

$ sudo nginx -t //排错开始

nginx: [emerg] "keepalive_timeout" directive is not allowed here in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:4

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

$ sudo service nginx restart

* Restarting nginx nginx [fail]

$ sudo nginx -t

nginx: [emerg] invalid parameter "172.16.69.86" in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default:21

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

$ sudo service nginx restart

* Restarting nginx nginx [fail]

$ sudo nginx -t

nginx: [emerg] invalid parameter "172.16.69.86" in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default:21

nginx: [emerg] unexpected end of file, expecting "}" in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:111

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

$ sudo service nginx restart

* Restarting nginx nginx [fail]

~$ sudo nginx -t

nginx: [emerg] duplicate location "/" in /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default:47

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

:~$ sudo nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

:~$ sudo service nginx restart

* Restarting nginx nginx [ OK ]

需要注意的是：需要配置 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf和 /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

nginx。conf

#user www-data;

user root;

worker_processes 4;

pid /run/nginx.pid;

events {

worker_connections 768;

# multi_accept on;

}

http {

##

# Basic Settings

##

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

tcp_nodelay on;

keepalive_timeout 65;

types_hash_max_size 2048;

# server_tokens off;

# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;

# server_name_in_redirect off;

include /etc/nginx/mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

##

# Logging Settings

##

access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;

error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

##

# Gzip Settings

##

gzip on;

gzip_disable "msie6";

# gzip_vary on;

# gzip_proxied any;

# gzip_comp_level 6;

# gzip_buffers 16 8k;

# gzip_http_version 1.1;

# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

##

# nginx-naxsi config

##

# Uncomment it if you installed nginx-naxsi

##

#include /etc/nginx/naxsi_core.rules;

##

# nginx-passenger config

##

# Uncomment it if you installed nginx-passenger

##

#passenger_root /usr;

#passenger_ruby /usr/bin/ruby;

##

# Virtual Host Configs

##

include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;

server

{

listen 80;

server_name 172.16.69.86;

location /

{

root /;

autoindex on;

autoindex_exact_size on;

autoindex_localtime on;

}

}

}

#mail {

# # See sample authentication script at:

# # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript

#

# # auth_http localhost/auth.php;

# # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";

# # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";

#

# server {

# listen localhost:110;

# protocol pop3;

# proxy on;

# }

#

# server {

# listen localhost:143;

# protocol imap;

# proxy on;

# }

#}

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

user root;

worker_processes 8;

error_log /home/peking/nginxWebServer/nginx_error.log crit;

pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by thisprocess.

worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events

{

use epoll;

worker_connections 65535;

}

http

{

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

charset utf-8;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

client_header_buffer_size 32k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

client_max_body_size 300m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

client_body_buffer_size 512k;

proxy_connect_timeout 5;

proxy_read_timeout 60;

proxy_send_timeout 5;

proxy_buffer_size 16k;

proxy_buffers 4 64k;

proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;

proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_buffers 4 16k;

gzip_http_version 1.1;

gzip_comp_level 2;

gzip_types text/plainapplication/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

gzip_vary on;

#注：proxy_temp_path和proxy_cache_path指定的路径必须在同一分区

proxy_temp_path /var/tmp/nginx/proxy_temp_dir;

#设置Web缓存区名称为cache_one，内存缓存空间大小为200MB，1天没有被访问的内容自动清除，硬盘缓存空间大小为5GB。

proxy_cache_path /var/tmp/nginx/proxy_cache_dir levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:200m inactive=1d max_size=5g;

server #此处为缓存服务器

{

listen 8081;

server_name 172.16.69.132;

location /

{

proxy_cache cache_one;

#对不同的HTTP状态码设置不同的缓存时间

proxy_cache_valid 200 304 12h;

#以域名、URI、参数组合成Web缓存的Key值，Nginx根据Key值哈希，存储缓存内容到二级缓存目录内

proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args;

proxy_set_header Host $host;

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;

proxy_pass http://172.16.69.132:80; #此处跳转到真实的图片服务器

log_format cache '***$time_local '

'$upstream_cache_status '

'Cache-Control: $upstream_http_cache_control '

'Expires: $upstream_http_expires '

'"$request" ($status) '

'"$http_user_agent" '; #定义日志格式（此日志格式可以显示hit miss等，显示缓存是否被击中,老版本默认可以，但是新版本，发现需要加上这个）

access_log /var/log/nginx/cache.log cache; #使用这个日志格式

expires 1d;

}

#用于清除缓存，假设一个URL为http://192.168.8.42/test.txt，通过访问http://192.168.8.42/purge/test.txt就可以清除该URL的缓存。

location ~ /purge(/.*)

{

#设置只允许指定的IP或IP段才可以清除URL缓存。

allow 127.0.0.1;

deny all;

#proxy_cache_purge cache_one$host$1$is_args$args;

}

#扩展名以.php、.jsp、.cgi结尾的动态应用程序不缓存。

location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi)?$

{

proxy_set_header Host $host;

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;

}

access_log off;

}

#真实的图片服务器

server

{

listen 80;

server_name 172.16.69.132;

location /

{

root /;

}

access_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_access.log;

}

}

#mail {

# # See sample authentication script at:

# # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript

#

# # auth_http localhost/auth.php;

# # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";

# # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";

#

# server {

# listen localhost:110;

# protocol pop3;

# proxy on;

# }

#

# server {

# listen localhost:143;

# protocol imap;

# proxy on;

# }

#}

/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default如下：

# You may add here your

# server {

# ...

# }

# statements for each of your virtual hosts to this file

##

# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding

# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.

# http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls

# http://wiki.nginx.org/QuickStart

# http://wiki.nginx.org/Configuration

#

# Generally, you will want to move this file somewhere, and start with a clean

# file but keep this around for reference. Or just disable in sites-enabled.

#

# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.

##

server {

listen 80;

listen [::]:80 ipv6only=on;

root /usr/share/nginx/html;

index index.html index.htm;

# Make site accessible from http://localhost/

server_name localhost;

location / {

alias /server/;

autoindex on;

allow 127.0.0.1;

#allow 10.43.42.53 #mobile ip

#allow 172.16.69.86 #school ip

# First attempt to serve request as file, then

# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.

try_files $uri $uri/ =404;

# Uncomment to enable naxsi on this location

# include /etc/nginx/naxsi.rules

}

location /doc/ {

alias /usr/share/doc/;

autoindex on;

allow 127.0.0.1;

allow ::1;

deny all;

}

# Only for nginx-naxsi used with nginx-naxsi-ui : process denied requests

#location /RequestDenied {

#proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;

#}

#error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

#

#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

#location = /50x.html {

# root /usr/share/nginx/html;

#}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on localhost:9000

#

#location ~ \.php$ {

# fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;

# # NOTE: You should have "cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;" in php.ini

#

# # With php5-cgi alone:

# fastcgi_pass localhost:9000;

# # With php5-fpm:

# fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;

# fastcgi_index index.php;

# include fastcgi_params;

#}

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

# concurs with nginx's one

#

#location ~ /\.ht {

# deny all;

#}

}

# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration

#

#server {

# listen 8000;

# listen somename:8080;

# server_name somename alias another.alias;

# root html;

# index index.html index.htm;

#

# location / {

# try_files $uri $uri/ =404;

# }

#}

# HTTPS server

#

#server {

# listen 443;

# server_name localhost;

#

# root html;

# index index.html index.htm;

#

# ssl on;

# ssl_certificate cert.pem;

# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;

#

# ssl_session_timeout 5m;

#

# ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;

# ssl_ciphers "HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5 or HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!3DES";

# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

#

# location / {

# try_files $uri $uri/ =404;

# }

#}