如何用C#获得文件信息以及扩展信息?

在C#中获得文件信息很容易,只需要用FileInfo类或者FileVersionInfo类就可以获得,但是如果想要获得文件的扩展信息,则无法从这两类来获得。不过在C#中,这也不是件难事,只要引入“Microsoft Shell Controls and Automation”这个COM就可以获得。

接下来就分别来介绍。

首先介绍FileInfo类,这个类非常简单,首先需要根据文件名来创建FileInfo对象,例如:

using System.IO;

FileInfo fi = new FileInfo( yourFileName );

那么以后就可以通过此对象来访问文件一些属性,例如文件大小,创建时间,最后访问时间,最后写入时间等等,还可以通过访问对象的Attributes属性,来获得当前文件是只读、隐藏之类属性,这里我就不细说了,详情参看MSDN。

第二个要说的,就是FileSystemInfo类,这个类是FileInfo类的基类,这里也就不多说了。

第三个要说的,就是如何判断一个文件的Version信息,这就需要来介绍FileVersionInfo这个类。但是并不是所有的文件都有Version信息,因此在使用FileVersionInfo的时候需要注意的是,最好先判断一下文件的扩展名。不过一个FileVersionInfo类对象不能通过构造函数来创建,需要调用类的静态方法来获得,例如:

using System.Diagnostics;

FileVersionInfo fvi = FileVersionInfo.GetVersionInfo( yourFileName );

通过此对象,可以获得文件的产品名称,公司名,版本号,语言版本,版权等等,这方面详情可以参看MSDN。

最后要说的,就是如何得到一个文件的扩展信息,例如标题,作者等等,这些信息从如上三个类中是无法获得。但是要在C#程序中获得,就需要引入一个“Microsoft Shell Controls and Automation”这个COM,这个COM是由系统“Shell32.dll”而提供。这方面的例子,可以参看如下这篇文章。

http://www.codeproject.com/csharp/detailedfileinfo.asp

为了方便大家使用,我把其中类的代码贴出来。

using Shell32; // Use this namespace after add the reference

/// <summary>

/// Returns the detailed Information of a given file.

/// </summary>

public class CFileInfo

{

private string sFileName ="",

sFullFileName="",

sFileExtension="",

sFilePath = "",

sFileComment = "",

sFileAuthor = "",

sFileTitle = "",

sFileSubject = "",

sFileCategory = "",

sFileType = "";

private long lFileLength = 0,

lFileVersion = 0;

private DateTime dCreationDate,

dModificationDate;

public CFileInfo(string sFPath)

{

// check if the given File exists

if(File.Exists(sFPath))

{

ArrayList aDetailedInfo = new ArrayList();

FileInfo oFInfo = new FileInfo(sFPath);

sFileName = oFInfo.Name;

sFullFileName = oFInfo.FullName;

sFileExtension = oFInfo.Extension;

lFileLength=oFInfo.Length;

sFilePath = oFInfo.Directory.ToString();

dCreationDate = oFInfo.CreationTime;

dModificationDate = oFInfo.LastWriteTime;

#region "read File Details"

aDetailedInfo = GetDetailedFileInfo(sFPath);

foreach(DetailedFileInfo oDFI in aDetailedInfo)

{

switch(oDFI.ID)

{

case 2:

sFileType = oDFI.Value;

break;

case 9:

sFileAuthor = oDFI.Value;

break;

case 10:

sFileTitle = oDFI.Value;

break;

case 11:

sFileSubject = oDFI.Value;

break;

case 12:

sFileCategory = oDFI.Value;

break;

case 14:

sFileComment = oDFI.Value;

break;

default:

break;

}

}

#endregion

}

else

{

throw new Exception("The given File does not exist");

}

}

#region "Properties"

public string FileName

{

get{return sFileName;}

set{sFileName=value;}

}

public string FilePath

{

get{return sFilePath;}

set{sFilePath = value;}

}

public string FullFileName

{

get{return sFullFileName;}

set{sFullFileName=value;}

}

public string FileExtension

{

get{return sFileExtension;}

set{sFileExtension=value;}

}

public long FileSize

{

get{return lFileLength;}

set{lFileLength=value;}

}

public long FileVersion

{

get{return lFileVersion;}

set{lFileVersion=value;}

}

public DateTime FileCreationDate

{

get{return dCreationDate;}

set{dCreationDate=value;}

}

public DateTime FileModificationDate

{

get{return dModificationDate;}

set{dModificationDate=value;}

}

public string FileType

{

get{return sFileType;}

}

public string FileTitle

{

get{return sFileTitle;}

}

public string FileSubject

{

get{return sFileSubject ;}

}

public string FileAuthor

{

get{return sFileAuthor ;}

}

public string FileCategory

{

get{return sFileCategory ;}

}

public string FileComment

{

get{return sFileComment ;}

}

#endregion

#region "Methods"

private ArrayList GetDetailedFileInfo(string sFile)

{

ArrayList aReturn = new ArrayList();

if(sFile.Length>0)

{

try

{

// Creating a ShellClass Object from the Shell32

ShellClass sh = new ShellClass();

// Creating a Folder Object from Folder that inculdes the File

Folder dir = sh.NameSpace( Path.GetDirectoryName( sFile ) );

// Creating a new FolderItem from Folder that includes the File

FolderItem item = dir.ParseName( Path.GetFileName( sFile ) );

// loop throw the Folder Items

for( int i = 0; i < 30; i++ )

{

// read the current detail Info from the FolderItem Object

//(Retrieves details about an item in a folder. For example, its size, type, or the time of its last modification.)

// some examples:

// 0 Retrieves the name of the item.

// 1 Retrieves the size of the item.

// 2 Retrieves the type of the item.

// 3 Retrieves the date and time that the item was last modified.

// 4 Retrieves the attributes of the item.

// -1 Retrieves the info tip information for the item.

string det = dir.GetDetailsOf( item, i );

// Create a helper Object for holding the current Information

// an put it into a ArrayList

DetailedFileInfo oFileInfo = new DetailedFileInfo(i,det);

aReturn.Add(oFileInfo);

}

}

catch(Exception)

{

}

}

return aReturn;

}

#endregion

}

// Helper Class from holding the detailed File Informations

// of the System

public class DetailedFileInfo

{

int iID = 0;

string sValue ="";

public int ID

{

get{return iID;}

set

{

iID=value;

}

}

public string Value

{

get{return sValue;}

set{sValue = value;}

}

public DetailedFileInfo(int ID, string Value)

{

iID = ID;

sValue = Value;

}

}

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