Python Socket实现简单的聊天室

通过参考其他牛人的文章和代码, 再根据自己的理解总结得出, 说明已经加在注释中, FYI

主要参考文章: http://blog.csdn.net/dk_zhe/article/details/37820965

　　　　　　 http://www.cnblogs.com/coser/archive/2012/01/06/2315216.html

　　　　　　 https://docs.python.org/2.7/library/select.html?highlight=select#module-select

　　　　　　 http://www.cnblogs.com/devinzhang/archive/2012/01/13/2321826.html

　　　　　　 http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-23146151-id-3084687.html

server.py 和 client.py

#coding=utf-8
# 通过socket建立网络连接的步骤:
# 至少需要2个套接字, server和client
# 需要建立socket之间的连接, 通过连接来进行收发data
# client 和 server连接的过程:
# 1. 建立server的套接字,绑定主机和端口,并监听client的连接请求
# 2. client套接字根据server的地址发出连接请求, 连接到server的socket上; client socket需要提供自己的 socket fd,以便server socket回应
# 3. 当server监听到client连接请求时, 响应请求, 建立一个新的线程, 把server fd 发送给client
# 而后, server继续监听其他client请求, 而client和server通过socket连接互发data通信
import socket,select,thread

host = socket.gethostname()
port = 5963
server_addr = (host,port)

# waitable的read list, 表示异步通信中可读socket对象的列表
inputs = []
# 连接进入server的client的名称
fd_name = {}

# 创建并初始化server socket
def serverInit():
    ss = socket.socket()  # 创建server socket
    ss.bind(server_addr)  # 绑定到server addr
    ss.listen(10)          # 监听端口号, 设置最大监听数10
    return ss             # 返回初始化后的server socket

# 创建一个新的socket连接
def newConnection(ss):
    client_conn,client_addr = ss.accept()  # 响应一个client的连接请求, 建立一个连接,可以用来传输数据
    try:
        # 向client端发送欢迎信息
        client_conn.send("welcome to chatroom,pls set up your nick name!")
        client_name = client_conn.recv(1024) #接收client发来的昵称,最大接收字符为1024
        inputs.append(client_conn)
        fd_name[client_conn] = client_name  # 将连接/连接名 加入键值对
        client_conn.send("current members in chatroom are: %s" % fd_name.values())
        # 向所有连接发送新成员加入信息
        for other in fd_name.keys():
            if other != client_conn and other != ss:
                other.send(fd_name[client_conn]+" joined the chatroom!")
    except Exception as e:
        print e

def closeConnection():
    pass

def run():
    ss = serverInit()
    inputs.append(ss)
    print "server is running..."
    while True:
        # rlist,wlist,elist = select.select(inputs, [], inputs,100)   # 如果只是服务器开启,100s之内没有client连接,则也会超时关闭
        rlist,wlist,elist = select.select(inputs, [], [])
        # 当没有可读fd时, 表示server错误,退出服务器
        if not rlist:
            print "timeout..."
            ss.close()  # 关闭 server socket
            break
        for r in rlist:
            if r is ss:  # server socket, 表示有新的client连接请求
                newConnection(ss)
            else:          # 表示一个client连接上有数据到达服务器
                disconnect = False
                try:
                    data = r.recv(1024)  #接收data
                    data = fd_name[r] + " : "+ data  # 确定客户端昵称
                except socket.error:
                    data = fd_name[r] + " leaved the room"
                    disconnect = True
                else:
                    pass
                if disconnect:
                    inputs.remove(r)
                    print data
                    for other in inputs:
                        if other != ss and other != r:  #不发生到服务器和已经断开的连接
                            try:
                                other.send(data)
                            except Exception as e:
                                print e
                            else:
                                pass
                    # 除名
                    del fd_name[r]
                else:
                    print data  # 在服务器显示client发送的数据
                    # 向其他成员(连接)发送相同的信息
                    for other in inputs:
                        if other != ss and other != r:
                            try:
                                other.send(data)
                            except Exception as e:
                                print e
if __name__ == "__main__":
    run()

#coding=utf-8
# 由于实验都在本机上运行, 所以server addr == client addr
import socket,select,threading,sys
host = socket.gethostname()
client_addr = (host,5963)  # equals server_addr()

# 倾听其他成员谈话
def listening(cs):
    inputs = [cs]
    while True:
        rlist,wlist,elist = select.select(inputs, [], [])
        # client socket就是用来收发数据的, 由于只有这个waitable 对象, 所以不必迭代
        if cs in rlist:
            try:
                # 打印从服务器收到的数据
                print cs.recv(1024)
            except socket.error:
                print "socket is error"
                exit()

# 发言
def speak(cs):
    while True:
        try:
            data = raw_input()
        except Exception as e:
            print r"can't input"
            exit()
        # if data == "exit":
        #     cs.close()
        #     break
        try:
            cs.send(data)
        except Exception as e:
            exit()


def main():
    # client socket
    cs = socket.socket()
    cs.connect(client_addr)
    # 分别启动听和说线程
    t = threading.Thread(target=listening,args=(cs,))  # 注意当元组中只有一个元素的时候需要这样写, 否则会被认为是其原来的类型
    t.start()

    t1 = threading.Thread(target=speak,args=(cs,))
    t1.start()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()