在ubuntu下安装snort
在这儿我只是做一个备份，全都来自如何在Ubuntu上安装Snort入侵检测系统
-----------这个安装完了有很多问题，最终还是在windows下面安装snort的，很方便，大家可以试一试---------------
Snort作为一款优秀的开源主机入侵检测系统，在windows和Linux平台上均可安装运行。Ubuntu作为一个以桌面应用为主的Linux操作系统，同样也可以安装Snort。
安装Snort过程
[安装LAMP，Snort和一些软件库]
由于 Ubuntu 是 Debian 系的 Linux，安装软件非常简单，而且 Ubuntu 在中国科技大学有镜像，在教育网和科技网下载速度非常快(2~6M/s)，就省掉了出国下载安装包的麻烦，只需要一个命令即可在几十秒钟内安装好所有软 件。这里使用 Ubuntu 默认命令行软件包管理器 apt 来进行安装。
$ sudo apt-get install libpcap0.8-dev libmysqlclient15-dev mysql-client-5.0 mysql-server-5.0 bison flex apache2 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-gd php5-mysql libphp-adodb php-pear pcregrep snort snort-rules-default
需要注意的是在安装 MySQL 数据库时会弹出设置 MySQL 根用户口令的界面，临时设置其为“test”。
[在 MySQL 数据库中为 Snort 建立数据库]
Ubuntu 软件仓库中有一个默认的软件包 snort-mysql 提供辅助功能，用软件包管理器下载安装这个软件包。
$ sudo apt-get install snort-mysql
安装好之后查看帮助文档：
$ less /usr/share/doc/snort-mysql/README-database.Debian
根据帮助文档中的指令，在 MySQL 中建立 Snort 的数据库用户和数据库。所使用的命令如下：
$ mysql –u root –p
在提示符处输入上面设置的口令 test
mysql> CREATE DATABASE snort;
mysql> grant CREATE, INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE on snort.* to snort@localhost;
mysql> grant CREATE, INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE on snort.* to snort;
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR snort@localhost=PASSWORD('snort-db');
mysql> exit
以上命令的功能是在 MySQL 数据库中建立一个 snort 数据库，并建立一个 snort 用户来管理这个数据库，设置 snort 用户的口令为 snort-db。
然后根据 README-database.Debian 中的指示建立 snort 数据库的结构。
$ cd /usr/share/doc/snort-mysql
$ zcat create_mysql.gz | mysql -u snort -D snort -psnort-db
这样就为 snort 在 MySQL 中建立了数据库的结构，其中包括各个 snort 需要使用的表。
[设置 snort 把 log 文件输出到 MySQL 数据库中]
修改 Snort 的配置文件：/etc/snort/snort.conf
$ sudo vim /etc/snort/snort.conf
在配置文件中将 HOME_NET 有关项注释掉，然后将 HOME_NET 设置为本机 IP 所在网络，将 EXTERNAL_NET 相关项注释掉，设置其为非本机网络，如下所示：
#var HOME_NET any
var HOME_NET 192.168.0.0/16
#var EXTERNAL_NET any
var EXTERNAL_NET !$HOME_NET
将 output database 相关项注释掉，将日志输出设置到 MySQL 数据库中，如下所示：
output database: log, mysql, user=snort password=snort-db dbname=snort host=localhost
#output database: log, mysql
这样，snort 就不再向 /var/log/snort 目录下的文件写记录了，转而将记录存放在 MySQL 的snort数据库中。这时候可以测试一下 Snort 工作是否正常：
$ sudo snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf
如果出现一个用 ASCII 字符画出的小猪，那么 Snort 工作就正常了，可以使用 Ctrl-C 退出；如果 Snort 异常退出，就需要查明以上配置的正确性了。
[测试 Web 服务器 Apache 和 PHP 是否工作正常]
配置 apache 的 php 模块，添加 msql 和 gd 的扩展。
$ sudo vim /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
extension=msql.so
extension=gd.so
重新启动 apache
$ /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
在/var/www/目录下新建一个文本文件test.php
$ sudo vim /var/www/test.php
输入内容：
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
然后在浏览器中输入 http://localhost/test.php，如果配置正确的话，就会出现 PHP INFO 的经典界面，就标志着 LAMP 工作正常。
[安装和配置 acid-base]
安装 acid-base 很简单，使用 Ubuntu 软件包管理器下载安装即可：
$ sudo apt-get install acidbase
安装过程中需要输入 acidbase 选择使用的数据库，这里选 MySQL，根用户口令 test，和 acid-base 的口令(貌似也可以跳过不设置)。
将acidbase从安装目录中拷贝到www目录中，也可以直接在apache中建立一个虚拟目录指向安装目录，这里拷贝过来主要是为了安全性考虑。
sudo cp –R /usr/share/acidbase/ /var/www/
因为 acidbase 目录下的 base_conf.php 原本是一个符号链接指向 /etc/acidbase/ 下的base_conf.php，为了保证权限可控制，我们要删除这个链接并新建 base_conf.php 文件。
$ rm base_conf.php
$ touch base_conf.php
暂时将 /var/www/acidbase/ 目录权限改为所有人可写，主要是为了配置 acidbase 所用。
$ sudo chmod 757 acidbase/
现在就可以开始配置 acid-base 了，在浏览器地址栏中输入 http://localhost/acidbase，就会转入安装界面，然后就点击 continue 一步步地进行安装：
选择语言为 english，adodb 的路径为：/usr/share/php/adodb；选择数据库为 MySQL，数据库名为 snort，数据库主机为 localhost，数据库用户名为 snort 的口令为 snort-db；设置 acidbase 系统管理员用户名和口令，设置系统管理员用户名为 admin，口令为 test。然后一路继续下去，就能安装完成了。
安装完成后就可以进入登录界面，输入用户名和口令，进入 acidbase 系统。
这里需要将 acidbase 目录的权限改回去以确保安全性，然后在后台启动 snort，就表明 snort 入侵检测系统的安装完成并正常启动了：
$ sudo chmod 775 acidbase/
$ sudo snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -i eth0 –D
[检查入侵检测系统工作状况，更改入侵检测规则]
正常情况下在一个不安全的网络中，登录 acidbase 后一会儿就能发现网络攻击。如果没有发现网络攻击，可以添加更严格的规则使得正常的网络连接也可能被报攻击，以测试 Snort IDS 的工作正确性，比如在 /etc/snort/rules/web-misc.rules 的最后添加下面的话：
$ sudo vi /etc/snort/rules/web-misc.rules
alert tcp any :1024 -> $HTTP_SERVER 500:
这一行的意思是：对从任何地址小于 1024 端口向本机 500 以上端口发送的 tcp 数据包都报警。杀死 Snort 的后台进程并重新启动，就应该能检测到正常的包也被当作攻击了。
$ sudo kill `pgrep snort`
$ sudo snort –c /etc/snort/snort.conf –i eth0 -D
总结
使用Ubuntu安装Snort入侵检测系统和网页控制台是相当容易的，因为 Ubuntu 提供了很方便的软件包安装功能，只是有时候定制性能太差，需要用户手动去寻找软件包的安装位置。
在安装snort-mysql的时候软件源中不能发现这个软件，所以跟新了一下软件源，下面是我的软件源列表
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main universe restricted multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security restricted universe main multiverse
deb http://kr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main universe
deb http://th.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main universe
#deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu precise main universe
deb http://kambing.vlsm.org/ubuntu precise main universe
#deb http://ubuntu.mithril-linux.org/archives precise main universe
deb http://mirror.in.th/ubuntu precise main universe
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu precise main universe
平常情况下我的软件源
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 14.04 LTS _Trusty Tahr_ - Release i386 (20140417)]/ trusty main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
---------------------------------------------------------
#这是为了装libnss3-tools换的软件源
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 14.04 LTS _Trusty Tahr_ - Release i386 (20140417)]/ trusty main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security universe
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
snort -dev -l ./log 将检测出来的包信息输出到当前文件夹下面的log文件中