Shell脚本中执行sql语句操作mysql

对于自动化运维，诸如备份恢复之类的，DBA经常需要将SQL语句封装到shell脚本。本文描述了在Linux环境下mysql数据库中，shell脚本下调用sql语句的几种方法，供大家参考。对于脚本输出的结果美化，需要进一步完善和调整。以下为具体的示例及其方法。

1、将SQL语句直接嵌入到shell脚本文件中

复制代码 代码如下:

--演示环境

[root@SZDB ~]# more /etc/issue

CentOS release 5.9 (Final)

Kernel \r on an \m

root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like 'version';

+---------------+------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+------------+

| version | 5.6.12-log |

+---------------+------------+

[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql1.sh

#!/bin/bash

# Define log

TIMESTAMP=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`

LOG=call_sql_${TIMESTAMP}.log

echo "Start execute sql statement at `date`." >>${LOG}

# execute sql stat

mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "

tee /tmp/temp.log

drop database if exists tempdb;

create database tempdb;

use tempdb

create table if not exists tb_tmp(id smallint,val varchar(20));

insert into tb_tmp values (1,'jack'),(2,'robin'),(3,'mark');

select * from tb_tmp;

notee

quit"

echo -e "\n">>${LOG}

echo "below is output result.">>${LOG}

cat /tmp/temp.log>>${LOG}

echo "script executed successful.">>${LOG}

exit;

[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql1.sh

Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'

+------+-------+

| id | val |

+------+-------+

| 1 | jack |

| 2 | robin |

| 3 | mark |

+------+-------+

Outfile disabled.

2、命令行调用单独的SQL文件

复制代码 代码如下:

[root@SZDB ~]# more temp.sql

tee /tmp/temp.log

drop database if exists tempdb;

create database tempdb;

use tempdb

create table if not exists tb_tmp(id smallint,val varchar(20));

insert into tb_tmp values (1,'jack'),(2,'robin'),(3,'mark');

select * from tb_tmp;

notee

[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "source /root/temp.sql"

Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'

+------+-------+

| id | val |

+------+-------+

| 1 | jack |

| 2 | robin |

| 3 | mark |

+------+-------+

Outfile disabled.

3、使用管道符调用SQL文件

复制代码 代码如下:

[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 </root/temp.sql

Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'

id val

1 jack

2 robin

3 mark

Outfile disabled.

#使用管道符调用SQL文件以及输出日志

[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 </root/temp.sql >/tmp/temp.log

[root@SZDB ~]# more /tmp/temp.log

Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'

id val

1 jack

2 robin

3 mark

Outfile disabled.

4、shell脚本中MySQL提示符下调用SQL

复制代码 代码如下:

[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql2.sh

#!/bin/bash

mysql -uroot -p123456 <<EOF

source /root/temp.sql;

select current_date();

delete from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=3;

select * from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=2;

EOF

exit;

[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql2.sh

Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'

id val

1 jack

2 robin

3 mark

Outfile disabled.

current_date()

2014-10-14

id val

2 robin

5、shell脚本中变量输入与输出

复制代码 代码如下:

[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql3.sh

#!/bin/bash

cmd="select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp"

cnt=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}")

echo "Current count is : ${cnt}"

exit

[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql3.sh

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Current count is : 3

[root@SZDB ~]# echo "select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp"|mysql -uroot -p123456 -s

3

[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql4.sh

#!/bin/bash

id=1

cmd="select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp where

cnt=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}")

echo "Current count is : ${cnt}"

exit

[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql4.sh

Current count is : 1

转自：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4a80a5730101mbeg.html

下面附上通过shell命令行非交互式的操作数据库的方法：

mysql -hhostname -Pport -uusername -ppassword -e 相关mysql的sql语句，不用在mysql的提示符下运行mysql，即可以在shell中操作mysql的方法。

#!/bin/bash

HOSTNAME="192.168.111.84" #数据库信息

PORT="3306"

USERNAME="root"

PASSWORD=""

DBNAME="test_db_test" #数据库名称

TABLENAME="test_table_test" #数据库中表的名称

#创建数据库

create_db_sql="create database IF NOT EXISTS ${DBNAME}"

mysql -h${HOSTNAME} -P${PORT} -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} -e "${create_db_sql}"

#创建表

create_table_sql="create table IF NOT EXISTS ${TABLENAME} ( name varchar(20), id int(11) default 0 )"

mysql -h${HOSTNAME} -P${PORT} -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} ${DBNAME} -e "${create_table_sql}"

#插入数据

insert_sql="insert into ${TABLENAME} values('billchen',2)"

mysql -h${HOSTNAME} -P${PORT} -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} ${DBNAME} -e "${insert_sql}"

#查询

select_sql="select * from ${TABLENAME}"

mysql -h${HOSTNAME} -P${PORT} -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} ${DBNAME} -e "${select_sql}"

#更新数据

update_sql="update ${TABLENAME} set

mysql -h${HOSTNAME} -P${PORT} -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} ${DBNAME} -e "${update_sql}"

mysql -h${HOSTNAME} -P${PORT} -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} ${DBNAME} -e "${select_sql}"

#删除数据

delete_sql="delete from ${TABLENAME}"

mysql -h${HOSTNAME} -P${PORT} -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} ${DBNAME} -e "${delete_sql}"

mysql -h${HOSTNAME} -P${PORT} -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} ${DBNAME} -e "${select_sql}"