Delphi中三种延时方法及其定时精度分析

Delphi中三种延时方法及其定时精度分析

来自:lili_0522 时间:2005-7-14 16:21:05

 在Delphi中,通常可以用以下三种方法来实现程序的延时,即TTtimer控件,Sleep函数,GetTickCount函数。但是其精度是各不相同的。

一、三种方法的简单介绍

1)TTtimer控件

  TTtimer控件的实质是调用Windows API定时函数SetTimer和KillTimer来实现的,并简化了对WM_TIMER 消息的处理过程。通过设置OnTimer事件和Interval属性,我们可以很方便的产生一些简单的定时事件。

2)Sleep函数

  Sleep函数用来使程序的执行延时给定的时间值。Sleep的调用形式为Sleep(milliseconds),暂停当前的进程milliseconds毫秒。Sleep的实现方法其实也是调用Windows API的Sleep函数。例如:

sleep(1000); //延迟1000毫秒

Sleep会引起程序停滞,如果你延迟的时间较长的话,你的程序将不能够响应延时期间的发生的其他消息,所以程序看起来好像暂时死机。

3)GetTickCount函数

  在主程序中延时,为了达到延时和响应消息这两个目的,GetTickCount()构成的循环就是一种广为流传的方法。例如:

procedure Delay(MSecs: Longint);

//延时函数,MSecs单位为毫秒(千分之1秒)

var

FirstTickCount, Now: Longint;

begin

FirstTickCount := GetTickCount();

repeat

Application.ProcessMessages;

Now := GetTickCount();

until (Now - FirstTickCount >= MSecs) or (Now < FirstTickCount);

end;

二、高精度的微妙级性能计数器(high-resolution performance counter)介绍

  为了比较以上方法的精度,首先需要找到一个参考的定时器。在这里,我提供了两个参考的定时器。一是用单片机每隔1.024ms产生一个实时中断RTI,作为计数器;二是选用了一个高精度的微妙级性能计数器(参见: http://msdn.microsoft.com/msdnmag/issues/04/03/HighResolutionTimer/default.aspx ,或者 http://community.csdn.net/Expert/FAQ/FAQ_Index.asp?id=200249

1)计数器的Delphi源代码

{

A high-precision counter/timer. Retrieves time differences

downto microsec.

Quick Reference:

THPCounter inherits from TComponent.

Key-Methods:

Start: Starts the counter. Place this call just before the

code you want to measure.

Read: Reads the counter as a string. Place this call just

after the code you want to measure.

ReadInt: Reads the counter as an Int64. Place this call just

after the code you want to measure.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

}

unit HPCounter;

interface

uses

SysUtils, WinTypes, WinProcs, Messages, Classes, Graphics, Controls,

Forms, Dialogs, StdCtrls, ExtCtrls;

type

TInt64 = TLargeInteger;

THPCounter = class(TComponent)

private

Frequency: TLargeInteger;

lpPerformanceCount1: TLargeInteger;

lpPerformanceCount2: TLargeInteger;

fAbout: string;

procedure SetAbout(Value: string);

{ Private declarations }

public

constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent); override;

destructor Destroy; override;

procedure Start;

function Read: string;

function ReadInt: TLargeInteger;

{ Private declarations }

published

property About: string read fAbout write SetAbout;

{ Published declarations }

end;

procedure Register;

implementation

procedure Register;

begin

RegisterComponents('MAs Prod.', [THPCounter]);

end;

constructor THPCounter.Create(AOwner: TComponent);

begin

inherited Create(AOwner);

fAbout:= 'Version 1.1, 2000&reg; Mats Asplund, EMail: masprod@telia.com, Site: http://go.to/masdp';

end;

destructor THPCounter.Destroy;

begin

inherited Destroy;

end;

function THPCounter.Read: string;

begin

QueryPerformanceCounter(TInt64((@lpPerformanceCount2)^));

QueryPerformanceFrequency(TInt64((@Frequency)^));

Result:=IntToStr(Round(1000000 * (lpPerformanceCount2 -

lpPerformanceCount1) / Frequency));

end;

function THPCounter.ReadInt: TLargeInteger;

begin

QueryPerformanceCounter(TInt64((@lpPerformanceCount2)^));

QueryPerformanceFrequency(TInt64((@Frequency)^));

Result:=Round(1000000 * (lpPerformanceCount2 -

lpPerformanceCount1) / Frequency);

end;

procedure THPCounter.SetAbout(Value: string);

begin

Exit;

end;

procedure THPCounter.Start;

begin

QueryPerformanceCounter(TInt64((@lpPerformanceCount1)^));

end;

end.

2)使用方法:

unit Unit1;

interface

uses

Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs,

HPCounter, StdCtrls;

type

TForm1 = class(TForm)

Button1: TButton;

Edit1: TEdit;

Label1: TLabel;

Label2: TLabel;

procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

private

{ Private declarations }

public

{ Public declarations }

end;

var

Form1: TForm1;

implementation

{$R *.DFM}

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);

begin

Edit1.Text:= '';

Application.ProcessMessages;

with THPCounter.Create(Self) do

begin

Start;

// Place code to measure here

Sleep(1000);

// Place code to measure here

Edit1.Text:=Read;

Free;

end;

end;

end.

二、三种方法的精度比较

  为了比较,采用以上3种方法,分别设置延时时间为1ms、2ms、5ms、10ms、20ms、50ms、100ms、200ms、500ms、1000ms,循环次数为5次,得到实际的延时时间。

1)TTtimer控件

实际延时时间(ms)

1ms: 8.012 21.551 6.875 21.647 9.809

2ms: 9.957 20.675 14.671 11.903 20.551

5ms: 9.952 20.605 9.924 20.705 12.682

10ms:14.852 9.96 21.547 9.82 20.634

20ms:27.512 34.291 26.427 31.244 30.398

50ms:61.196 61.307 64.027 62.048 63.059

100ms:102.495 108.408 112.318 110.322 102.531

200ms:193.955 202.135 207.016 205.082 202.194

500ms:496.659 500.534 503.398 495.551 500.394

1000ms:999.699 1003.576 993.698 1004.443 995.625

2)Sleep函数

1ms: 1.895 1.895 1.896 1.897 1.898

2ms: 2.868 2.874 2.852 2.872 2.869

5ms: 5.8 5.797 5.79 5.79 5.791

10ms:10.675 10.683 10.611 10.669 10.67

20ms:20.404 20.434 20.447 20.477 20.368

50ms:50.67 50.691 50.69 50.682 50.671

100ms:100.515 100.469 100.484 100.481 100.484

200ms:200.101 200.126 199.892 200.066 200.108

500ms:499.961 499.961 499.958 499.961 499.96

1000ms:1000.034 1000.04 1000.03 1000.018 1000.029

3)GetTickCount函数

1ms: 15.54 15.596 15.527 15.566 15.838

2ms: 15.561 15.563 15.603 15.477 15.571

5ms: 15.519 15.549 15.569 15.666 15.394

10ms:15.558 15.561 15.522 15.568 15.518

20ms:31.186 31.137 31.17 31.17 31.19

50ms:62.445 62.4 63.893 60.88 62.404

100ms:109.276 109.298 109.273 109.28 109.28

200ms:203.027 203.084 203.021 203.027 203.046

500ms:499.959 499.961 499.963 499.967 499.965

1000ms:1000.023 1000.022 1000.026 1000.029 1000.021

  可见,相对而言,Sleep的精度最高,尤其是在10ms以内的延时,只有sleep函数才能够做到。TTimer控件的定时精度最差,而且稳定性不好,波动很大。GetTickCount函数所能实现的最短延时为15ms左右,稳定性相对TTimer要好一些。