tensorflow源码分析——BasicLSTMCell

BasicLSTMCell 是最简单的LSTMCell，源码位于：/tensorflow/contrib/rnn/python/ops/core_rnn_cell_impl.py。
BasicLSTMCell 继承了RNNCell，源码位于：/tensorflow/python/ops/rnn_cell_impl.py

注意事项：
1. input_size 这个参数不能使用，使用的是num_units

2. state_is_tuple 官方建议设置为True。此时，输入和输出的states为c(cell状态)和h（输出）的二元组

3. 输入、输出、cell的维度相同，都是 batch_size * num_units，

cell = tf.contrib.rnn.BasicLSTMCell(num_units, forget_bias=0.0, state_is_tuple=True)　　#指定num_units
_initial_state = cell.zero_state(batch_size, tf.float32)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#指定batch_size,将c和h全部初始化为0，shape全是batch_size * num_units，

4.  

class BasicLSTMCell(RNNCell):
  """Basic LSTM recurrent network cell.

  The implementation is based on: http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.2329.

  We add forget_bias (default: 1) to the biases of the forget gate in order to
  reduce the scale of forgetting in the beginning of the training.

  It does not allow cell clipping, a projection layer, and does not
  use peep-hole connections: it is the basic baseline.

  For advanced models, please use the full LSTMCell that follows.
  """

  def __init__(self, num_units, forget_bias=1.0, input_size=None,
               state_is_tuple=True, activation=tanh):
    """Initialize the basic LSTM cell.

    Args:
      num_units: int, The number of units in the LSTM cell.
      forget_bias: float, The bias added to forget gates (see above).
      input_size: Deprecated and unused.
      state_is_tuple: If True, accepted and returned states are 2-tuples of
        the `c_state` and `m_state`.  If False, they are concatenated
        along the column axis.  The latter behavior will soon be deprecated.
      activation: Activation function of the inner states.
    """
    if not state_is_tuple:
      logging.warn("%s: Using a concatenated state is slower and will soon be "
                   "deprecated.  Use state_is_tuple=True.", self)
    if input_size is not None:
      logging.warn("%s: The input_size parameter is deprecated.", self)
    self._num_units = num_units
    self._forget_bias = forget_bias
    self._state_is_tuple = state_is_tuple
    self._activation = activation

  @property
  def state_size(self):
    return (LSTMStateTuple(self._num_units, self._num_units)
            if self._state_is_tuple else 2 * self._num_units)

  @property
  def output_size(self):
    return self._num_units

  def __call__(self, inputs, state, scope=None):
    """Long short-term memory cell (LSTM)."""
    with vs.variable_scope(scope or "basic_lstm_cell"):
      # Parameters of gates are concatenated into one multiply for efficiency.
      if self._state_is_tuple:
        c, h = state
      else:
        c, h = array_ops.split(value=state, num_or_size_splits=2, axis=1)
 # 线性计算 concat = [inputs, h]W + b 
 # 线性计算，分配W和b，W的shape为（2*num_units, 4*num_units）, b的shape为（4*num_units,）,共包含有四套参数，
      # concat shape(batch_size, 4*num_units)
   　　# 注意：只有cell 的input和output的size相等时才可以这样计算，否则要定义两套W,b.每套再包含四套参数
      concat = _linear([inputs, h], 4 * self._num_units, True, scope=scope)

      # i = input_gate, j = new_input, f = forget_gate, o = output_gate
      i, j, f, o = array_ops.split(value=concat, num_or_size_splits=4, axis=1)

      new_c = (c * sigmoid(f + self._forget_bias) + sigmoid(i) *
               self._activation(j))
      new_h = self._activation(new_c) * sigmoid(o)

      if self._state_is_tuple:
        new_state = LSTMStateTuple(new_c, new_h)
      else:
        new_state = array_ops.concat([new_c, new_h], 1)
      return new_h, new_state

5. lstm层，每一batch的运算

        with tf.variable_scope("RNN"):
            for time_step in range(num_steps):
                if time_step > 0: tf.get_variable_scope().reuse_variables()
                (cell_output, state) = cell(inputs[:, time_step, :], state)
                outputs.append(cell_output)

6. 每一epoch

7.全部运算