python发送邮件心得体会

2024-03-29 12:08•python•阅读 3977

windows下尝试装了两个smtp server大概配置了下，发现没法生效，也没时间仔细研究了。装上foxmail发现以前可以本地发送的选项已经无法找到。

不带附件的这样发送。

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
 
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
 
sender = 'tangjian@tangjian.dell'
# receivers = ['tangxiaosheng@yeah.net']  # 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
receivers = ['jian.tang@zongmutech.com']  # 接收邮件，可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
 
# 三个参数：第一个为文本内容，第二个 plain 设置文本格式，第三个 utf-8 设置编码
message = MIMEText('Python 邮件发送测试...', 'plain', 'utf-8')
message['From'] = Header("菜鸟教程", 'utf-8')   # 发送者
message['To'] =  Header("测试", 'utf-8')        # 接收者
 
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
 
 
try:
    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
    print "邮件发送成功"
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print "Error: 无法发送邮件"

利用smtp服务器发送

#!/usr/bin/python
#coding: utf-8

import os
import sys
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

def sendMail(receiver, subject, content, attachment=None):
    sender = 'tangxiaosheng@21cn.com'
    #定义邮件主题和正文

    content ='<html><h1>' + content + '</h1></html>'
    #定义邮箱服务器和邮箱账户
    smtpserver = 'smtp.21cn.com'
    username = 'tangxiaosheng@21cn.com'
    password = 'xxxx'

    #定义邮件三大主题
    #如果一封邮件中含有附件，那邮件的Content-Type域中必须定义multipart/mixed类型
    msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('mixed')
    msgRoot['Subject'] = subject
    msgRoot['From'] = sender
    msgRoot['To'] = receiver


    #构造邮件正文
    msgText = MIMEText(content,'html','utf-8')
    msgRoot.attach(msgText)

    if attachment:
        fp = open(attachment, 'rb')
        baseName = os.path.basename(attachment)
        msgAtt = MIMEText(fp.read(),'base64','utf-8')
        msgAtt["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
        msgAtt["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename=%s' % baseName
        msgRoot.attach(msgAtt)

    smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
    smtp.connect('smtp.21cn.com')
    smtp.login(username, password)
    smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())
    smtp.quit()

if __name__=='__main__':
    subject = '这是邮件主题'
    content = 'this mail has attachmet'
    # sendMail(subject, content, './mailatt.py')
        if len(sys.argv) >= 5:
        sendMail(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3], sys.argv[4])
    else:
        sendMail(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3])

#!/usr/bin/python 这一行要有。方便从命令行调用 mailatt.py .....，如果是 #!/usr/bin/evn python 更合适，适合多个python的版本。
用公司提供的邮箱发送时，碰到问题，修改后解决。原因不明。
msgRoot['To'] 一定需要是字符串类型的，不能是列表。

import os
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart

def sendMail():
    host = '192.168.5.10'
    # host = '42.159.161.202'

    sender = 'beitest_reporter@zongmutech.com' 
    receiver = 'jian.tang@zongmutech.com' 
    subject = '这是邮件主题' #定义邮件主题
    content = u'这是邮件内容'
    # content = 'this is content'
    username = 'beitest_reporter' #定义登录邮箱账户
    password = ''  #定义登录邮箱密码

    msg = MIMEText(content.encode('utf-8'),'plain','utf-8' ) #第二个参数使用'plain',如果使用'text'发送内容为空，不知道为什么
    msg['From']=sender #一定要指定'From'属性，否则会报554
    msg['To']=receiver #多个邮件接收人时，如果报错，可以不指定
    msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')

    try: 
        smtp = smtplib.SMTP(host, 25)
        # smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host, 25)
        # print 'aaa'
        # smtp.set_debuglevel(True)
        # smtp.ehlo()
        # smtp.starttls()
        # smtp.ehlo()
        # status = smtp.login(username, password)
        # print status
        smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
        smtp.quit()
    except:
        print("邮件发送失败！")

def sendmail1():
    file = '/home/tangjian/work/analyze_python/data/result/report.html'
    print "mail_file = " + file
    receiver = 'jian.tang@zongmutech.com'
    sender = 'beitest_reporter@zongmutech.com' 

    msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('mixed')
    msgRoot['Subject'] = "Test Report"
    msgRoot['From'] = sender
    msgRoot['To'] = receiver

    htmlfile = open(file)
    htmlbody = htmlfile.read()

    msgText = MIMEText(htmlbody,'html','utf-8')
    msgRoot.attach(msgText)

    fp = open(file, 'rb')
    msgAtt = MIMEText(fp.read(),'base64','utf-8')
    msgAtt["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
    filename = os.path.basename(file)
    msgAtt["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename=%s' % filename
    msgRoot.attach(msgAtt)

    smtp = smtplib.SMTP('192.168.5.10')
    smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string())
    smtp.quit()
# SMTP AUTH extension not supported by server

if __name__=='__main__':
    # sendMail()
    sendmail1()

两个函数都能work，先前第一个函数是用21cn做位smtp服务器可以work的代码。公司的服务器，没有密码。

 content = u'这是邮件内容'   #这一行前面对于中文要加 “u”。另外

 msg = MIMEText(content.encode('utf-8')  #加上encode(...)

尝试yeah发送的时候，

        smtp = smtplib.SMTP(host, 25)
        # smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host, 25)
        # smtp.set_debuglevel(True)
        # smtp.ehlo()
        smtp.starttls()
        # smtp.ehlo()
        status = smtp.login(username, password)
        print 'status', status
        smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())

原先用smtplib.SMTP_SSL(host, 25)，无论如何都不行。yahoo也是无论如何都不行，无论是用 SSL还是不用SSL。比yeah还要差些。

Python中发邮件(明文/SSL/TLS三种方式)

#!/usr/bin/python
#  coding:utf-8 
import smtplib
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
from email.Utils import formatdate
from email.Header import Header
import sys
 
#设置默认字符集为UTF8 不然有些时候转码会出问题
default_encoding = 'utf-8'
if sys.getdefaultencoding() != default_encoding:
    reload(sys)
    sys.setdefaultencoding(default_encoding)
 
#发送邮件的相关信息，根据你实际情况填写
smtpHost = 'smtp.126.com'
smtpPort = '25'
sslPort  = '587'
fromMail = 'zhangsan@126.com'
toMail   = 'funame@126.com'
username = 'zhangsan'
password = '123456'
  
#邮件标题和内容
subject  = u'[Notice]hello'
body     = u'hello,this is a mail from ' + fromMail
 
#初始化邮件
encoding = 'utf-8'
mail = MIMEText(body.encode(encoding),'plain',encoding)
mail['Subject'] = Header(subject,encoding)
mail['From'] = fromMail
mail['To'] = toMail
mail['Date'] = formatdate()
 
try:
    #连接smtp服务器，明文/SSL/TLS三种方式，根据你使用的SMTP支持情况选择一种
    #普通方式，通信过程不加密
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP(smtpHost,smtpPort)
    smtp.ehlo()
    smtp.login(username,password)
 
    #tls加密方式，通信过程加密，邮件数据安全，使用正常的smtp端口
    #smtp = smtplib.SMTP(smtpHost,smtpPort)
    #smtp.set_debuglevel(True)
    #smtp.ehlo()
    #smtp.starttls()
    #smtp.ehlo()
    #smtp.login(username,password)
 
    #纯粹的ssl加密方式，通信过程加密，邮件数据安全
    #smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpHost,sslPort)
    #smtp.ehlo()
    #smtp.login(username,password)
 
    #发送邮件
    smtp.sendmail(fromMail,toMail,mail.as_string())
    smtp.close()
    print 'OK'
except Exception as e:
    print e

各种元素都包含的邮件

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#coding: utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage 

sender = 'xxxx@163.com'
receiver = 'xxxx@126.com'
subject = '这是邮件主题'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = 'xxxx@163.com'
password = '****'

# Create message container - the correct MIME type is multipart/alternative.
msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = sender
msg['To'] = receiver

# Create the body of the message (a plain-text and an HTML version).
text = "Hi!\nHow are you?\nHere is the link you wanted:\nhttp://www.python.org"
html = """\
<html>
  <head></head>
  <body>
    <p>Hi!<br>
       How are you?<br>
       Here is the <a href="http://www.python.org">link</a> you wanted.
    </p>
  </body>
</html>
"""

# Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html.
part1 = MIMEText(text, 'plain')
part2 = MIMEText(html, 'html')

# Attach parts into message container.
# According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case
# the HTML message, is best and preferred.
msg.attach(part1)
msg.attach(part2)

#构造附件
att = MIMEText(open('h:\\python\\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"'
msg.attach(att)

if __name__=='__main__':
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
    smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
    smtp.login(username, password)
    smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
    smtp.quit()

群发邮件技巧：

# 实践发现需要将msg['To'] = receiver修改为以下形式
msg["To"] = ",".join(receiver)

receiver是收件人列表。

用outlook邮箱发送（仅在windows下有效）

同事写的代码，

#coding=utf-8

import warnings
import os
import sys
import lib.util as util

import platform
if not platform.system() == 'Linux':
    import win32com.client as win32
    import pythoncom

reload(sys)

sys.setdefaultencoding('utf8')
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')

DEFAULT_TEMPLATE = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)), "data","result","report.html")

def sendmail():
    print "mail_file = " + DEFAULT_TEMPLATE
    receiver = util.get_mail_conf("recevicer")
    htmlfile = open(DEFAULT_TEMPLATE)
    sub="Test Report"
    htmlbody = htmlfile.read()
    outlook = win32.Dispatch('outlook.application')
    mail = outlook.CreateItem(0)
    mail.BodyFormat = 2
    mail.To = receiver
    mail.Subject = sub.decode('utf-8')
    mail.HTMLBody = htmlbody.decode("utf-8")
    mail.Attachments.Add(DEFAULT_TEMPLATE)
    mail.Send()

exchangelib应该是windows和Linux都能用的，但我发送失败了。尝试解决但失败了，原因不明。

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python发送邮件心得体会

利用smtp服务器发送

Python中发邮件(明文/SSL/TLS三种方式)

各种元素都包含的邮件

用outlook邮箱发送（仅在windows下有效）

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