,转CentOS 7 sytemctl 自定义服务开机启动

CentOS 7 sytemctl 自定义服务开机启动

原文:http://blog.csdn.net/ithomer/article/details/51766319

CentOS 7继承了RHEL 7的新的特性,例如强大的systemctl,而systemctl的使用也使得系统服务的/etc/init.d的启动脚本的方式发生重大改变,也大幅提高了系统服务的运行效率。但服务的配置和以往也发生了极大的不同,变的简单而易用了许多(仁者见仁,米扑博客)。

systemd提供更优秀的框架以表示系统服务间的依赖关系,实现系统初始化时服务的并行启动,同时达到降低Shell的系统开销的效果。

systemd 目标是:尽可能启动更少进程;尽可能将更多进程并行启动,systemd尽可能减少对shell脚本的依赖。

systemd单位类型

systemctl –type=单位类型,用来过滤单位,

例如: systemctl –type=service

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[root@mimvp_usa ~]# systemctl --type=service

UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION

aegis.service loaded active running LSB: aegis update.

agentwatch.service loaded active exited SYSV: Starts and stops guest agent

aliyun.service loaded active running auto run aliyunservice or agent

crond.service loaded active running Command Scheduler

dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus

getty@tty1.service loaded active running Getty on tty1

httpd.service loaded active running The Apache HTTP Server

kmod-static-nodes.service loaded active exited Create list of required static device nodesforthe current kernel

lvm2-lvmetad.service loaded active running LVM2 metadata daemon

lvm2-monitor.service loaded active exited Monitoring of LVM2 mirrors, snapshots etc. using dmeventd or progress

mariadb.service loaded active running MariaDB database server

● mongod.service loaded failed failed SYSV: Mongo is a scalable, document-oriented database.

mongodb.service loaded active running mongodb

network.service loaded active exited LSB: Bring up/downnetworking

nscd.service loaded active running Name Service Cache Daemon

ntpd.service loaded active running Network Time Service

polkit.service loaded active running Authorization Manager

rc-local.service loaded active exited/etc/rc.d/rc.localCompatibility

服务(service):管理着后台服务;

挂载(mount)自动挂载(automount):用来挂载文件系统;

目票(target):运行级别;

套接字(socket):用来创建套接字,并在访问套接字后,立即利用依赖关系间接地启动另一单位;

开机服务管理

CentOS 7的服务systemctl脚本存放在:/usr/lib/systemd/,有系统(system)和用户(user)之分,

/usr/lib/systemd/system/

/usr/lib/systemd/user/

像需要开机不登陆就能运行的程序,存在系统服务,即:/usr/lib/systemd/system/ 目录下

每一个服务以.service结尾,一般会分为3部分:[Unit]、[Service]、[Install]

[Unit] 主要是对这个服务的说明,内容包括Description和After,Description用于描述服务,After用于描述服务类别

[Service] 是服务的关键,是服务的一些具体运行参数的设置,

Type=forking是后台运行的形式,

PIDFile为存放PID的文件路径,

ExecStart为服务的具体运行命令,

ExecReload为重启命令,

ExecStop为停止命令,

PrivateTmp=True表示给服务分配独立的临时空间

注意:[Service]部分的启动、重启、停止命令全部要求使用绝对路径,使用相对路径则会报错!

[Install] 是服务安装的相关设置,可设置为多用户的

服务脚本按照上面编写完成后,以754的权限保存在/usr/lib/systemd/system/目录下,这时就可以利用systemctl进行配置

示例:

自定义 mongodb 开机启动

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mongodb.service

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[Unit]

Description=mongodb

After=auditd.service systemd-user-sessions.servicetime-sync.target network.target

[Service]

Type=forking

PIDFile=/var/run/mongodb/mongod.pid

ExecStart=/root/script/mongo_server_start.sh

ExecStop=/root/script/mongo_server_stop.sh

PrivateTmp=true

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

systemctl 配置命令

systemctl status mongodb.service // 查看mongodb启动状态

systemctl start mongodb.service // 启动 mongodb

systemctl stop mongodb.service // 关闭 mongodb

systemctl enable mongodb.service // 开机启动 mongodb 服务

systemctl disable mongodb.service // 开机关闭 mongodb 服务

示例:

systemctl status mongodb.service

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● mongodb.service - mongodb

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mongodb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: active (running) since Wed 2016-06-15 19:05:41 CST; 2min 24s ago

Process: 1143 ExecStop=/root/script/mongo_server_stop.sh (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Process: 1158 ExecStart=/root/script/mongo_server_start.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 1161 (mongod)

CGroup:/system.slice/mongodb.service

└─1161/usr/bin/mongod-f/etc/mongod.conf

Jun 15 19:05:41 mimvp_usa systemd[1]: Starting mongodb...

Jun 15 19:05:41 mimvp_usa mongo_server_start.sh[1158]: about to fork child process, waitinguntilserver is readyforcon...ions.

Jun 15 19:05:41 mimvp_usa mongo_server_start.sh[1158]: forked process: 1161

Jun 15 19:05:41 mimvp_usa mongo_server_start.sh[1158]: child process started successfully, parent exiting

Jun 15 19:05:41 mimvp_usa systemd[1]: Started mongodb.

Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to showinfull.

systemctl 虽然比较陌生,但是其实比init.d那种方式简单不少,而且使用简单,systemctl能简化的操作还有很多,现在也有不少的资料,看来RHEL/CentOS比其他的Linux发行版还是比较先进的,此次更新也终于舍弃了Linux 2.6内核,无论是速度还是稳定性都提升不少。