c++ 生成GUID的几种方法？

C++ 生成GUID的几种方法

一。

使用CoCreateGuid函数

CoCreateGuid是Windows系统本身提供的API函数，位于objbase.h头文件中，

 1 #include <objbase.h>  
 2 #include <stdio.h>  
 3   
 4 #define GUID_LEN 64  
 5   
 6 int main(int argc, char* argv[])  
 7 {  
 8     char buffer[GUID_LEN] = { 0 };  
 9     GUID guid;  
10   
11     if ( CoCreateGuid(&guid) )  
12     {  
13         fprintf(stderr, "create guid error\n");  
14         return -1;  
15     }  
16     _snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),   
17         "%08X-%04X-%04x-%02X%02X-%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X",   
18         guid.Data1, guid.Data2, guid.Data3,   
19         guid.Data4[0], guid.Data4[1], guid.Data4[2],   
20         guid.Data4[3], guid.Data4[4], guid.Data4[5],   
21         guid.Data4[6], guid.Data4[7]);  
22     printf("guid: %s\n", buffer);  
23   
24     return 0;  
25 
26 }

这种基于Win32API生成GUID的方法的优点在于不需要依赖其他库，缺点在于无法跨平台，只能在Windows平台的使用。

二

使用Boost库

使用Boost库来生成GUID相对就比较简单了，代码如下：

#include <boost/uuid/uuid.hpp>
#include <boost/uuid/uuid_generators.hpp>
#include <boost/uuid/uuid_io.hpp>

boost::uuids::uuid uid = boost::uuids::random_generator()();
 const string uid_str = boost::uuids::to_string(uid);
 cout << uid_str << endl;

三。

 1 #include <sstream>
 2 #include <random>
 3 #include <string>
 4 
 5 unsigned int random_char() {
 6     std::random_device rd;
 7     std::mt19937 gen(rd());
 8     std::uniform_int_distribution<> dis(0, 255);
 9     return dis(gen);
10 }
11 
12 std::string generate_hex(const unsigned int len) {
13     std::stringstream ss;
14     for (auto i = 0; i < len; i++) {
15         const auto rc = random_char();
16         std::stringstream hexstream;
17         hexstream << std::hex << rc;
18         auto hex = hexstream.str();
19         ss << (hex.length() < 2 ? '0' + hex : hex);
20     }
21     return ss.str();
22 }

https://lowrey.me/guid-generation-in-c-11/

The C++ standard libary has come a long way in the last ten years. It contains a lot of useful functions that make stuff easy that used to be a chore in C++ compared to other languages. However, there is still a gap between what the STL provides compared to other modern languages.

One such case is UUID/GUID creation. In languages like Python and Java, to make a GUID, all you need to do is import a module and you are good to go. In C++, this will still be relegated to an external framework like the Windows API or QT. There are even some smaller cross platform libraries specifically targeting this functionality. In most cases, this is still the best place to go. These methods are battle-tested: they'll be fast and robust.

If you want something more portable that doesn't rely on any external linking, you'll have to write it yourself. Luckily, the UUID format isn't particularly complex. If you can generate random hex characters, you can make a GUID easily.

The STL in C++11 now includes std::random which makes this a lot easier. Before it, you would still probably need to go to an external library to get random values. In combination with std::hex, almost all of the hard parts of this problem can be solved with stuff in the standard library.