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Apache Web Login Authentication

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Adding password protection to a web site using Apache web server authentication.

  AuthLDAPURL ldap://ldap.your-domain.com:389/o=stooges?uid?sub
   AuthLDAPBindDN "cn=StoogeAdmin,o=stooges"
   AuthLDAPBindPassword secret1
   AuthLDAPGroupAttribute memberUid
   AuthLDAPGroupAttributeIsDN off
   Require ldap-group cn=users,ou=group,o=stooges
   Require ldap-attribute gidNumber=100
   Satisfy any
</Directory>
...
Note:
  • Allow users (LDAP attribute: memberUid) in group gidNumber: 100 of objectClass: posixGroup which match to the login uid, authentication approval.

    The directive AuthLDAPGroupAttribute identifies the attribute to match with the login uid.

  • AuthLDAPGroupAttributeIsDN:
    • on (default): Use DN (Distinguished name) cn=Moe Howard,ou=MemberGroupA,o=stooges
    • off: Use username moe
  • Multiple Require ldap-group ... statements may be included to allow multiple groups.
  • Multiple Require ldap-attribute ... statements may be included to allow multiple groups.
  • The directive Satisfy any is required if testing multiple conditions. Only one positive in any of the conditions is required to authenticate. Thus you can combine the following authorization schemes as well:
    • Require ldap-user
    • Require ldap-dn
    • Require ldap-attribute
    • Require ldap-filter
Concurrent File and LDAP authentication:

Apache can use both File and LDAP authentication concurently. This is sometimes required to run cron jobs with a login where you do not want to use a system login or login managed by a directory server in another department.

<Directory /ABC>
   Order deny,allow
   Deny from All
   AuthType Basic
   AuthBasicProvider file ldap
   AuthName "Directory services login"
   AuthBasicAuthoritative  off
   AuthUserFile /srv/htpasswd
   AuthGroupFile /dev/null
   AuthzLDAPAuthoritative off
   AuthLDAPURL "ldap://ldap.megacorp.com:389/ou=person,o=megacorp.com,c=us?uid?sub"
#  This user created for local cron jobs. It is not a system user and allows
#  the cron job to perform its task.
#  This user is not in the LDAP directory but in the password file /srv/htpasswd
   Require user cronuserjobx
   Require ldap-user usera userb
</Directory>
Note:
  • AuthBasicProvider file ldap - Check password "file" authentication then LDAP
  • AuthBasicAuthoritative off - Allows fall back to another auth scheme, in this case LDAP
  • AuthzLDAPAuthoritative off - Allows fall back to other auth scheme besides LDAP, in this case file
Debugging Apache Authentication:

Set LogLevel debug when debugging authentication. This will log all the LDAP connection events and the LDAP attributes requested.

Authenticating with Microsoft Active directory using Microsoft's "Unix services for Windows":

AuthLDAPURL ldap://ldap.your-domain.com:389/ou=Employees,ou=Accounts,dc=sos,dc=com?sAMAccountName?sub
Also note that encrypted connections will use the URL prefix "ldaps://" and the added directives:
  • LDAPTrustedCA directory-path/filename
  • LDAPTrustedCAType type

    Where the "type" is one of:

    • DER_FILE: file in binary DER format
    • BASE64_FILE: file in Base64 format
    • CERT7_DB_PATH: Netscape certificate database file

Restart Apache after editing the configuration file: service httpd restart for configuration changes to take effect.

See /var/log/httpd/error_log for configuration errors.

Links:
Apache documentation: Other LDAP modules:
Using NIS for Apache Authentication:

This method authenticates using Apache on Linux and an NIS server. The advantage of using NIS, is the comonality of computer system accounts and web site logins. This configuration requires that the system the Apache web server is running on, must be using NIS authentication for system logins.

This requires a NIS server. See the YoLinux.com NIS configuration tutorial.

Requires the Linux RPM package mod_perl and the following Perl modules:

  • ExtUtils-AutoInstall
  • Net-NIS
  • Apache2-AuthenNIS or Apache-AuthenNIS
The version of Apache determines which Perl modules to use:
  • Apache 2.2 (RHEL5, CentOS5, FC6): Use the Perl module Apache2-AuthenNIS.
  • Apache 2.0 (RHEL4, CentOS4, FC3): Use the Perl module Apache-AuthenNIS.

Download / Install Perl modules:

  • Download "ExtUtils-AutoInstall" as an RPM from Dag RPMs: perl-ExtUtils-AutoInstall-0.63-1.2.el4.rf.noarch.rpm

    Install: rpm -ivh perl-ExtUtils-AutoInstall-0.63-1.2.el4.rf.noarch.rpm

  • Net-NIS: (CPAN)
    • tar xzf Net-NIS-0.34.tar.gz
    • cd Net-NIS-0.34/
    • perl Makefile.PL
    • make
    • make install
  • Apache(2)-AuthenNIS:
    Apache 2.2Apache 2.0
    Apache2-AuthenNIS: (CPAN)
    • tar xzf Apache2-AuthenNIS-0.15.tar.gz
    • cd Apache2-AuthenNIS-0.15
    • perl Makefile.PL
    • make
    • make install
    		Apache-AuthenNIS: (CPAN)
    • tar xzf Apache-AuthenNIS-0.13.tar.gz
    • cd Apache-AuthenNIS-0.13
    • perl Makefile.PL
    • make
    • make install

Or install from CPAN via the internet:

  • perl -MCPAN -e shell

    (Answer no)

  • install ExtUtils::AutoInstall
  • install Net::NIS
  • install Apache2::AuthenNIS (or Apache::AuthenNIS)
  • quit

Test Perl module:

File: testApache2AuthenNIS.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl
BEGIN{push @INC, "/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.8/Apache2";}
eval "use Apache2::AuthenNIS"; $hasApacheAuth = $@ ? 0 : 1;
printf "Apache2::AuthenNIS". ($hasApacheAuth ?  "" : " not") . " installed";
printf "\n";
Test: [root]# ./testApache2AuthenNIS.pl
  • Good: Apache2::AuthenNIS installed
  • Not good: Apache2::AuthenNIS not installed
OR
File: testApacheAuthenNIS.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl
BEGIN{push @INC, "/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.8.5/Apache";}
eval "use Apache::AuthenNIS"; $hasApacheAuth = $@ ? 0 : 1;
printf "Apache::AuthenNIS". ($hasApacheAuth ?  "" : " not") . " installed";
printf "\n";
Test: [root]# ./testAuthenNIS.pl
  • Good: Apache::AuthenNIS installed
  • Not good: Apache::AuthenNIS not installed

Apache NIS authentication Examples:

  1. require valid-user: Allow all users if authentication (password) is correct.
  2. require user greg phil bob: Allow only greg phil bob to login.
  3. require group accounting: Allow only users in group "accounting" to authenticate.

1) Restric access to NIS authenticated users:

Apache Configuration File: httpd.conf (portion) 
..
...

<Directory /home/domain/public_html/membersonly>
    AuthType Basic
    AuthName "Add your login message here."
    PerlAuthenHandler Apache2::AuthenNIS      - or Apache::AuthenNIS
    PerlSetVar AllowAlternateAuth no
    require valid-user
</Directory>

...
..

2) Restrict to listed users greg, phil and bob, but still authenticate to NIS:

Apache Configuration File: httpd.conf (portion) 
..
...

<Directory /home/domain/public_html/membersonly>
    AuthType Basic
    AuthName "Add your login message here."
    PerlAuthenHandler Apache2::AuthenNIS      - or Apache::AuthenNIS
    PerlSetVar AllowAlternateAuth no
    require user greg phil bob
</Directory>

...
..

3) Restrict access to NIS members of a specific NIS group:

Apache Configuration File: httpd.conf (portion) 
..
...

<Directory /home/domain/public_html/membersonly>
    AuthType Basic
    AuthName "Add your login message here."
    PerlAuthenHandler Apache2::AuthenNIS      - or Apache::AuthenNIS
    PerlAuthzHandler Apache2::AuthzNIS        - or Apache::AuthzNIS
    PerlSetVar AllowAlternateAuth no
    require group accounting
</Directory>

...
..
Note Apache2::AuthzNIS only checks for group membership by group name (not GID). Apache2::AuthenNIS still required to authenticate the user (check password).

Example showing password protection for user web directories:

Apache Configuration File: httpd.conf (portion) 
..
...

<IfModule mod_userdir.c>
    UserDir public_html
</IfModule>

<Directory /home/*/public_html>
    AuthType Basic
    AuthName "Add your login message here."
    PerlAuthenHandler Apache2::AuthenNIS      - or Apache::AuthenNIS
    PerlSetVar AllowAlternateAuth no
    require user valid-user    AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
    Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec
    <Limit GET POST OPTIONS>
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Limit>
    <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS>
        Order deny,allow
        Deny from all
    </LimitExcept>
</Directory>

...
..

Also see YoLinux SysAdmin: Perl Admin

Links:

Note:
  • Apache allows further restriction by client IP network address or subnet.
  • Passwords can also be sent over an encrypted https connection by use of the Apache directive SSLRequireSSL. See Apache SSL/TLS encryption

[Potential Pitfall]: This method of authentication will fail if using "adjunct password maps". This Perl module requires the use of the library call yp_match() which must have access to the encrypted passwords. If "adjunct password maps" are used, then this is not accessible to processes other than root thus the web server daemon process apache will not be able to access the data required. Test your system using the command ypcat passwd | head. If the second field is prefixed with "##", then this perl module will not work. If the second field is an encrypted password, then this perl module can work.

CGI to allow users to modify their NIS Passwords:

For those users who get a shell of /sbin/nologin, the "cgipaf" web interface is ideal for user management of NIS passwords. Cgipaf uses PHP, cgi (written in C) and your system PAM authentication (or /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow files). Cgipaf also can manage mail accounts using procmail.

Download from http://www.wagemakers.be/english/programs/cgipaf

Installation/configuration:

  • tar xf cgipaf-1.3.1.tar.gz
  • cd cgipaf-1.3.1/
  • ./configure --bindir=/var/www/cgi-bin --datadir=/srv/cgipaf --sysconfigdir=/etc/cgipaf --prefix=/opt

    Note: nothing ends up in /opt

  • make
  • make install
  • cd /srv/cgipaf
  • ln -s cgipasswd.php index.php

File: /etc/httpd/conf.d/cgipaf.conf (Red Hat style systems)

Alias /NIS/ "/srv/cgipaf/"

<Directory "/srv/cgipaf">
  SSLRequireSSL
  Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
  AllowOverride None
  Order allow, deny
  Allow from all
</Directory>
Note the Apache 2 directive "SSLRequireSSL" will only allow https encrypted access. This is important when managing passwords over the web.

The PHP pages reside in /srv/cgipaf/. The compiled C cgi will reside in /var/www/cgi-bin. The configuration file will be/etc/cgipaf/cgipaf.conf.

See the web page at http://localhost/NIS/

Using a MySQL database for Apache Authentication:

Two Apache modules are available for database authentication:

  • MySQL: mod_auth_mysql (This tutorial)
    • Red Hat RPM package: mod_auth_mysql
    • SuSE RPM package: apache2-mod_auth_mysql
  • DBM database file: mod_auth_dbm

    (Fast even for 1000's of users.)

Apache Configuration:
  • Red Hat: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf or /etc/httpd/conf.d/application.conf
  • SuSE: /etc/apache2/httpd.conf or /etc/apache2/conf.d/application.conf
    ..
    ...
     <Directory /home/domain/public_html/membersonly>
     AuthType Basic
     AuthName "Add your login message here."
     AuthMySQLHost localhost
     AuthMySQLUser db_user
     AuthMySQLPassword db_password
     AuthMySQLDB database_name_used_for_authentication
     AuthMysqlUserTable  http_auth
     AuthMySQLPwEncryption none
     AuthMySQLEnable on
     require valid-user
     </Directory>

    ...
    ..
Examples:
  • require valid-user: Allow all users if authentication (password) is correct.
  • require user greg phil bob: Allow only greg phil bob to login.
  • require group accounting: Allow only users in group "accounting" to authenticate.

Directives:

DirectiveDescription
AuthMySQLEnable OnIf 'Off', MySQL authentication will pass on the authentication job to the other authentication modules i.e password files.
AuthMySQLHosthost_nameName of MySQL Database hosr. i.e. 'localhost'
AuthMySQLPortTCP_Port_numberPort number of MySQL Database. Default: 3306
AuthMySQLDBdatabase_nameName of MySQL Database.
AuthMySQLUser user_idMySQL Database login id.
AuthMySQLPassworduser_passwordMySQL Database login password. Plain text.
AuthMySQLUserTableuser_table_nameName of MySQL Databse table in the database which holds the user name and passwords.
AuthMySQLGroupTablegroup_table_nameDatabse table holding group info.
AuthMySQLNameFielduser_field_nameIf not using default field name 'user_name', then specify. Not case sensitive id CHAR or VARCHAR.
AuthMySQLPasswordFieldpassword_field_nameIf not using default field name 'user_passwd', then specify. Passwords are case sensitive.
AuthMySQLGroupFieldgroup_field_nameIf not using default field name 'groups', then specify.
AuthMySQLNoPasswd OffOff: Passwords can be null ('').

On: password must be specified.

AuthMySQLPwEncryptionnoneOptions: none, crypt, scrambled (MySQL password encryption), md5, aes, sha. If you are going to use plain-text passwords for mysql authentication, you must include this directive with the argument "none".
AuthMySQLSaltFieldsalt_string mysql_column_nameSalt field to be used for crypt and aes.
AuthMySQLAuthoritativeonAuthenticate using other authentication modules after the user is successfully authenticated by the MySQL auth module. Default on: request is not passed on.
AuthMySQLKeepAlive OffOff: Close the MySQL link after each authentication request.

MySQL Admin:

  • mysqladmin -h localhost -u root -ppassword create http_auth
  • mysql -h localhost -u root -ppassword
  • mysql> use http_auth
  • mysql> create table mysql_auth ( user_name char(30) NOT NULL,user_passwd char(60) NOT NULL,user_group char(25),primary key (user_name) );
  • mysql> insert into mysql_auth values('Fred','supersecret','worker');

Links:

Login URL Tricks:

Here is a trick to incorporate a login and password into a URL. Typicall one would attempt to enter the password protected area of the web site and the user would be confronted with a login dialog box into which one would enter the user id and password. Another option is to enter a URL with the login and password embedded.

    http://login-id:password@UrlOfDomain.com/protectedPath/WebPage.html
Links:
Apache: Other forms of web authentication:

转：http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialApacheAddingLoginSiteProtection.html

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