高效掌握C#第五回---猜单词游戏
前四回介绍了c#常用的数据类型，数组，字符串的常用操作，本回书进入实践环节，综合运用前面讲到的这些知识，实践一个控制台小游戏。
以下是需求说明：
/*
Playing a console-based game
To solve the problem, your program must be able to:
Choose a random word to use as the secret word. That word is chosen from a word list, as described in the following paragraph.
Keep track of the user’s partially guessed word, which begins as a series of dashes and then updated as correct letters are guessed.
Implement the basic control structure and manage the details (ask the user to guess a letter, keep track of the number of guesses remaining, print out the various messages, detect the end of the game, and so forth)
*/
简单说需求就是从一个单词集合中随机选取一个单词， 假设猜想单词school， 就在控制台上输出 _ _ _ _ _ _，根据英语普遍规律，绝大部分的单词都有元音字母，所以从元音字母开始猜比较容易。假设用户猜字母O，单词school中出现了，就在单词上预留的位置中填写此字母，_ _ _ o o _ 当用户们猜测的单词为school中并未出现的字母，则将在控制台中输出最近一次单词的状态。若给定猜测次数内，单词仍未猜出，则系统获胜，若猜出此单词，则为用户获胜。
java版本实现
public class Main {
//1一个单词数组（字符串数组）
//2随机获取一个单词，随机一个下标(下标值在0到单词数组长度之间)
//3得到单词长度len，创建一个长度为len的字符数组word，数组元素初值均为-
//4循环以下步骤（退出循环的条件为，用户允许猜错的次数<=0或word字符中数组中不再包含-字符）
//5输出word到屏幕
//6获取客户输入，判断随机选出的单词中是否包含用户输入的字符
//7若包含，得到字符在单词中出现的位置，并将该位置的字符替换成用户输入的字符，返回到4
//8若不包含，用户可以猜错的次数减一，返回到4
//9.得出最后结论：判断用户允许猜错的次数是否大于0，如果大于0，输出用户胜利，否则输出用户失败
public static boolean isContaisChar(char[] array, char c)
{
boolean bFind = false;
for(int i = 0; i<array.length; i++)
{
if(array[i] == c)
{
bFind = true;
break;
}
}
return bFind;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// write your code here
//1定义一个单词数组（字符串数组）
String[] words = {"picture", "chinese", "school", "question", "include", "simple", "difficult", "understand", "necessary", "support" };
//2随机获取一个单词，随机一个下标(下标值在0到单词数组长度之间)
Random random = new Random();
int nRandomIndex = random.nextInt(words.length);
String strWordChoose = words[nRandomIndex];
//3得到单词长度len，创建一个长度为len的字符数组word，数组元素初值均为-
int nLen = strWordChoose.length();
char[] wordShow = new char[nLen];
for(int i = 0 ; i < nLen; i++)
{
wordShow[i] = '-';
}
//4循环以下步骤（退出循环的条件为，用户允许猜错的次数<=0或word字符中数组中不再包含-字符）
int nGuessTimes = 3;
while(nGuessTimes > 0 && isContaisChar(wordShow,'-'))
{
//5输出word到屏幕
System.out.println(wordShow);
//6获取客户输入，判断随机选出的单词中是否包含用户输入的字符
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
String c = sc.nextLine();
//7若包含，得到字符在单词中出现的位置，并将该位置的字符替换成用户输入的字符，返回到4
boolean bFind = false;
for(int i = 0; i < wordShow.length; i++)
{
if(strWordChoose.charAt(i) == c.toCharArray()[0])
{
wordShow[i] = c.toCharArray()[0];
bFind = true;
}
}
//8若不包含，用户可以猜错的次数减一，返回到4
if(!bFind)
{
nGuessTimes--;
System.out.println("您还有"+nGuessTimes+"次机会");
}
}
//9.得出最后结论：判断用户允许猜错的次数是否大于0，如果大于0，输出用户胜利，否则输出用户失败
if(nGuessTimes > 0)
{
System.out.println("you win");
}
else
{
System.out.println("you lose");
}
}
}
以下给出代码实现（C#）：
1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Text;
5 using System.IO;
6 using System.Diagnostics;
7
8 namespace GuessWord
9 {
10 class Program
11 {
12 static int wrongGuess, lettersLeft;
13
14 static void Main(string[] args)
15 {
16 string wordToGuess = GetWordToGuess();
17
18 char[] maskedWord = GetHiddenLetters(wordToGuess, '-');
19
20 lettersLeft = wordToGuess.Length;
21 char userGuess;
22
23 wrongGuess = 3;
24
25 while (wrongGuess > 0 && lettersLeft > 0)
26 {
27 DisplayCharacters(maskedWord);
28
29 Console.WriteLine("Enter a letter?");
30 userGuess = char.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
31
32 maskedWord = CheckGuess(userGuess, wordToGuess, maskedWord);
33 }
34
35 Console.WriteLine("Well done! Thanks for playing.");
36 Console.ReadLine();
37 }
38
39 static string GetWordToGuess()
40 {
41 Random number = new Random();
42 int wordNumber = number.Next(0, 9);
43
44 string[] words = { "picture", "chinese", "school", "question", "include", "simple", "difficult", "understand", "necessary", "support" };
45
46 string selectWord = words[wordNumber];
47 return selectWord;
48 }
49
50 static char[] GetHiddenLetters(string word, char mask)
51 {
52 char[] hidden = new char[word.Length];
53
54 for (int i = 0; i < word.Length; i++)
55 {
56 hidden[i] = mask;
57 }
58
59 return hidden;
60 }
61
62 static void DisplayCharacters(char[] characters)
63 {
64 foreach (char letter in characters)
65 {
66 Console.Write(letter);
67 }
68 Console.WriteLine();
69 }
70
71 static char[] CheckGuess(char letterToCheck, string word, char[] characters)
72 {
73 if (word.Contains(letterToCheck))
74 {
75 for (int i = 0; i < word.Length; i++)
76 {
77 if (word[i] == letterToCheck)
78 {
79 characters[i] = word[i];
80 lettersLeft--;
81 }
82 }
83 }
84 else
85 {
86 wrongGuess--;
87 }
88
89 return characters;
90 }
91 }
92 }