Nginx之Https 证书加密
SSL证书是数字证书的一种，类似于驾驶证、护照和营业执照的电子副本。因为配置在服务器上，也称为SSL服务器证书。
目录
1、检查SSL模块状态
[root@web-node1~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.6.3
built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-16) (GCC)
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3 --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module
2、准备私钥和证书
2.1创建服务器私钥
[root@web-node1~]# cd /application/nginx/conf/
[root@web-node1 conf]# mkdir key
[root@web-node1 conf]# cd key/
[root@web-node1 key]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
..++++++
...++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for server.key:
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for server.key:
2.2签发证书
[root@web-node1 key]# openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
Enter pass phrase for server.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:BJ
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:BJ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:SDU
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:SA
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:Qiuyt
Email Address []:qiuyuetao@163.com
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
2.3删除服务器私钥口令
[root@web-node1 key]# cp server.key server.key.ori
[root@web-node1 key]# openssl rsa -in server.key.ori -out server.key
Enter pass phrase for server.key.ori:
writing RSA key
2.4生成使用签名请求证书
和私钥生成自签证书
[root@web-node1 key]# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=CN/ST=BJ/L=BJ/O=SDU/OU=SA/CN=XuBuSi/emailAddress=qiuyt@yilonghc.com
Getting Private key
3、开启Nginx SSL
[root@web-node1 ~]# cat /application/nginx/conf/vhosts/www.conf
server
{
listen 443 default_server;
server_name 自己域名;
#Globalsign New-2
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/new-2-ssl/server.cer;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/new-2-ssl/server.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /yilongdata/webs/******/public; ##自己网站根目录
location / {
# return 503;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$is_args$query_string;
}
location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$)
{
# limit_conn perip 60;
# limit_req zone=perreq nodelay;
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_pass myfastcgi;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
expires -1;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 12h;
}
access_log /yilongdata/logs/*******/access/www.yilonghc.cn.log main;
location ~ /\.ht {
deny all;
}
}
##注意
#PHP 开启方式 1:
php-fpm.conf: listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
nginx.conf: fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
#方式2:
php-fpm.conf: listen = /tmp/php-fpm.sock
nginx.conf: fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
#php 配置文件注销
使用; 不能用#
3.1重启nginx生效
[root@web-node1 ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
[root@web-node1 ~]# netstat -lntup|grep 443
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1711/nginx
3.2测试https
由于该证书非第三方权威机构颁发，而是我们自己签发的，所以浏览器会警告，如果是对外的业务需要加密，必须使用商用第三方签名证书。
1.4配置重定向80端口转443端口
以上配置有个不好的地方，如果用户使用时忘了使用https或者443端口，那么将会报错，所以我们需要80端口的访问转到443端口并使用ssl加密访问。
只需要增加一个server段，使用301永久重定向。
[root@web-node1 ~]# tail -5 /application/nginx/conf/vhosts/www.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name jianguo.yi*****.cn;
rewrite ^(.*) https://$server_name$1 permanent;
}
[root@web-node1 ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web-node1 ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
4、 HTTPS常见报错
生产中遇到个错误，原因是将业务迁到云上后，原环境是apache，现在用的是nginx，ssl整数配置一致，但是出现如下错误
[root@Lhapp key]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: [emerg] PEM_read_bio_X509_AUX("/application/nginx-1.8.1//conf/key/lhapi.csr") failed (SSL: error:0906D06C:PEM routines:PEM_read_bio:no start line:Expecting: TRUSTED CERTIFICATE)
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.8.1//conf/nginx.conf test failed
#经过百度查阅，发现在apache中，公钥配置如下
[root@files conf.d]# grep -nr "SSLCertificateFile" ./
./ssl.conf:123:SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/lhapissl/214026611150535.pem
#它这里没有server.csr 而是用的*.pem做为工作，所以我把nginx也改为*.pem就OK了
ssl_certificate key/214026611150535.pem;
结果OK，证书生效