Liunx之Centos系统无人值守全自动化安装
作者:邓聪聪
定制centos6.8自动安装ISO光盘
- 安装系统为centos6.8 (base server)，安装方式为全新安装
- 使用ext4分区格式
- 安装前可以交互输入root密码，主机名，分区大小，然后安装过程自动化
- 关闭防火墙，selinux
- 网络为dhcp方式获取
- 时区为Asia/Shanghai
- 分区表类型为mbr
- 默认设置三个分区，boot分区200M，swap分区200M，其余为根分区
安装步骤
安装制作系统镜像所需要的工具
yum -y install mkisofs createrepo
创建光盘挂载目录、资源重构目录、自定义数据库目录
mkdir /mnt/iso (挂载光盘) mkdir /data/iso (ISO目录)
挂载CentOS系统光盘,并复制光盘目录下的内容到其他路径下，由于光盘内容权限为“只读”，可赋予权限直接修改或者cp新文件给权限修改。
mount -o loop /data/iso/CentOS-6.8-x86_64-minimal.iso /mnt/iso
创建自响应文件 ks.cfg ，把此文件放在/data/iso/isolinux/ks.cfg
#version=DEVEL # Firewall configuration firewall --disabled # Install OS instead of upgrade install # Use CDROM installation media cdrom #interactive # Root password rootpw --plaintext 123456 # System authorization information auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512 # Use text mode install #text # System keyboard keyboard us # System language lang en_US # SELinux configuration selinux --disabled network --onboot=yes --device=eth0 --bootproto=dhcp --noipv6 # Do not configure the X Window System skipx # Installation logging level logging --level=info # Reboot after installation reboot # System timezone timezone --isUtc Asia/Shanghai # System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr # Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr # Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel # Disk partitioning information part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=200 part swap --fstype="swap" --size=200 part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1
repo --name="CactiEZ" --baseurl=file:///mnt/source --cost=100
%packages --nobase @core
%post --nochroot
mkdir -p /mnt/sysimage/tmp/cactiez >> /tmp/ins.log 2>&1
cp /mnt/source/Packages/cactiez-x86_64.tgz /mnt/sysimage/tmp/cactiez >> /tmp/ins.log 2>&1
%post
cd /tmp/cactiez >> /tmp/ins.log 2>&1
tar zxvf cactiez-x86_64.tgz >> /tmp/ins.log 2>&1
cp -rf /tmp/cactiez/var/www/html/* /var/www/html >> /tmp/ins.log 2>&1
cp -rf /tmp/cactiez/usr/* /usr >> /tmp/ins.log 2>&1
cp -rf /tmp/cactiez/etc/* /etc >> /tmp/ins.log 2>&1
sed -i "s/GSSAPIAuthentication no/GSSAPIAuthentication yes/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config sed -i "s/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config echo "nameserver 219.141.140.10" >> /etc/resolv.conf /sbin/chkconfig iptables off %end
修改启动安装导向文件/data/iso/isolinux/isolinux.cfg,下面为修改后内容
default vesamenu.c32 #prompt 1 timeout 50 menu background splash.jpg menu title Welcome to use CentOS 6.8! menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000 menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000 menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000 label linux menu label ^Install PowerSoft OS menu default kernel vmlinuz append ks=cdrom:/isolinux/ks.cfg initrd=initrd.img label vesa menu label Install system with ^basic video driver kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img xdriver=vesa nomodeset label rescue menu label ^Rescue installed system kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img rescue label local menu label Boot from ^local drive localboot 0xffff label memtest86 menu label ^Memory test kernel memtest append -
定制ISO光盘所需的数据
.discinfo文件 一定要复制过来，建议复制完之后检查该文件是否存在！！！
rm -fr /data/iso/repodata
declare -x discinfo=$(head -1 .discinfo) cp /mnt/iso/repodata/*-c6-minimal-x86_64.xml ./c6-minimal-x86_64.xml cd .. createrepo -g repodata/c6-x86_64-comps.xml ./
重构系统，生成ISO镜像 --用于CentOS6.此步骤需要在iso的配置文件主目录中我这里是（/data/iso/）
mkisofs -o CentOS-6.5_64.iso -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -R -J -v -T /data/iso/
重构系统，生成ISO镜像 --用于CentOS 7
genisoimage -v -cache-inodes -joliet-long -R -J -T -V CENTOS7 -o /root/centos7.iso -c isolinux/boot.cat -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -eltorito-alt-boot -b images/efiboot.img -no-emul-boot .
在CentOS7 中无法使用%post的参数ks.cfg配置文件如下：
#version=DEVEL
install
# System authorization information
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use CDROM installation media
cdrom
# Use graphical install
#graphical
text
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disabled
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=yes --ipv6=auto --no-activate
network --hostname=begon
# Root password
rootpw 12345678
firewall --disabled
selinux --disabled
# System services
services --disabled="chronyd"
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
#autopart --encrypted --type=lvm
bootloader location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part swap --asprimary --fstype="swap" --size=1024
part /boot --fstype xfs --size=300
part / --fstype xfs --size=1 --grow
#Reboot after installation
reboot --eject
%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools
%end
%post
systemctl stop firewalld
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
在CentOS7 中isolinux.cfg配置文件如下：
[root@bogon isolinux]# cat isolinux.cfg
default vesamenu.c32
timeout 30
display boot.msg
# Clear the screen when exiting the menu, instead of leaving the menu displayed.
# For vesamenu, this means the graphical background is still displayed without
# the menu itself for as long as the screen remains in graphics mode.
menu clear
menu background splash.png
menu title CentOS 7
menu vshift 8
menu rows 18
menu margin 8
#menu hidden
menu helpmsgrow 15
menu tabmsgrow 13
# Border Area
menu color border * #00000000 #00000000 none
# Selected item
menu color sel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Title bar
menu color title 0 #ff7ba3d0 #00000000 none
# Press [Tab] message
menu color tabmsg 0 #ff3a6496 #00000000 none
# Unselected menu item
menu color unsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
# Selected hotkey
menu color hotsel 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
# Unselected hotkey
menu color hotkey 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Help text
menu color help 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# A scrollbar of some type? Not sure.
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #ff355594 none
# Timeout msg
menu color timeout 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
menu color timeout_msg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Command prompt text
menu color cmdmark 0 #84b8ffff #00000000 none
menu color cmdline 0 #ffffffff #00000000 none
# Do not display the actual menu unless the user presses a key. All that is displayed is a timeout message.
menu tabmsg Press Tab for full configuration options on menu items.
menu separator # insert an empty line
menu separator # insert an empty line
label linux
menu label ^Install CentOS 7
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 quiet
label check
menu label Test this ^media & install CentOS 7
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 rd.live.check quiet
label linux
menu label ^Install CentOS7 CentOS7.4
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img ks=cdrom:/isolinux/ks.cfg
menu separator # insert an empty line
# utilities submenu
menu begin ^Troubleshooting
menu title Troubleshooting
label vesa
menu indent count 5
menu label Install CentOS 7 in ^basic graphics mode
text help
Try this option out if you're having trouble installing
CentOS 7.
endtext
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 xdriver=vesa nomodeset quiet
label rescue
menu indent count 5
menu label ^Rescue a CentOS system
text help
If the system will not boot, this lets you access files
and edit config files to try to get it booting again.
endtext
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=CentOS\x207\x20x86_64 rescue quiet
label memtest
menu label Run a ^memory test
text help
If your system is having issues, a problem with your
system's memory may be the cause. Use this utility to
see if the memory is working correctly.
endtext
kernel memtest
menu separator # insert an empty line
label local
menu label Boot from ^local drive
localboot 0xffff
menu separator # insert an empty line
menu separator # insert an empty line
label returntomain
menu label Return to ^main menu
menu exit
menu end