Vue路由系统
一切分离都是为了更好的结合，本文详细介绍了前后端分离架构之后，前端如何实现路由控制，即Vue路由系统。
一、VueRouter实现原理
VueRouter的实现原理是根据监控锚点值的改变，从而不断修改组件内容来实现的，我们来试试不使用VueRouter，自己实现路由控制，如下代码：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
<style>
body {
margin: 0;
}
.login {
width: 100%;
height: 1200px;
background-color: #0FC57C;
}
.register {
width: 100%;
height: 1200px;
background-color: yellow;
}
.home {
width: 100%;
height: 1200px;
background-color: #2aabd2;
}
a {
text-decoration: none;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div >
<a href="#/home">首页</a>
<a href="#/login">登录</a>
<a href="#/register">注册</a>
</div>
<script>
let oDiv = document.getElementById("app");
window.onhashchange = function () {
console.log(location.hash);
// vue-router的实现原理是根据锚点值的改变
// 对页面进行切换
switch (location.hash) {
case "#/login":
oDiv.innerHTML = `<h3 class='login'>这是登录页面</h3>`;
break;
case "#/register":
oDiv.innerHTML = `<h3 class='register'>这是注册页面</h3>`;
break;
default:
oDiv.innerHTML = `<h3 class='home'>这是首页</h3>`;
break;
}
};
</script>
</body>
</html>
可以看到，通过监控锚点值的改变，页面上面的内容可以跳转到我们需要显示的页面。
二、VueRouter安装使用
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<!--1. 引入vue-router-->
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div >
</div>
<script>
let Home = {
template: `
<div>这是首页</div>
`
};
let Login = {
template: `
<div>登录页面</div>
`
};
let Register = {
template: `
<div>注册页面</div>
`
};
let App = {
template: `
<div>
<router-link to="/home">首页</router-link>
<router-link to="/login">登录</router-link>
<router-link to="/register">注册</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
`
};
// 2. 在vue中中使用vue-router对象
Vue.use(VueRouter);
// 3. 创建一个vue-router对象
let router = new VueRouter({
// 此处要特别注意是routes，不是routers
routes: [
{
path: '/home',
component: Home,
},
{
path: "/login",
component: Login
},
{
path: "/register",
component: Register,
}
]
});
// 4. 在vue实例中使用新创建的vue-router对象
new Vue({
el: "#app",
template: `<app></app>`,
components: {
"app": App,
},
router: router
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
三、VueRouter命名路由
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<!--1. 引入vue-router-->
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ></div>
<script>
let Login = {
template: `
<div>登录页面</div>
`
};
let Register = {
template: `
<div>注册页面</div>
`
};
let App = {
template: `
<div>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'login'}">登录</router-link>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'register'}">注册</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
`
};
// 在vue中中使用vue-router对象
Vue.use(VueRouter);
// 创建一个vue-router对象
let router = new VueRouter({
// 此处要特别注意是routes，不是routers
routes: [
{
name: 'login',
path: "/login",
component: Login
},
{
name: 'register',
path: "/register",
component: Register,
}
]
});
// 在vue实例中使用新创建的vue-router对象
new Vue({
el: "#app",
template: `<app></app>`,
components: {
"app": App,
},
router: router
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
此外，还有另一种命名路由方式，如下所示:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<!--1. 引入vue-router-->
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ></div>
<script>
let App = {
template: `
<div>
<router-link to="/">首页</router-link>
<router-view name="header"></router-view>
<router-view name="footer"></router-view>
</div>
`
};
Vue.use(VueRouter);
let router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
path: '/',
components: {
header: {
template: `
<div>头部</div>
`
},
footer: {
template: `
<div>底部</div>
`
}
}
}
]
});
new Vue({
el: "#app",
template: `<app></app>`,
router: router,
components: {
'app': App
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
四、VueRouter路由中使用参数
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<!--1. 引入vue-router-->
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ></div>
<script>
// 常用的两种查询方式
// xxx.html/user/1
// xxx.html/user/id=1
let userParams = {
template: `
<div>用户一信息</div>
`
};
let userQuery = {
template: `
<div>用户二信息</div>
`
};
let App = {
template: `
<div>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'userParams', params: { userId: 1} }">用户一</router-link>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'userQuery', query: { userId: 2 } }">用户二</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
`,
};
// 在vue中使用vue-router
Vue.use(VueRouter);
// 创建一个VueRouter对象
let router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
name: 'userParams',
path: '/users/:userId',
component: userParams
},
{
name: 'userQuery',
path: '/users',
component: userQuery,
}
]
});
// 在vue中使用vue-router
new Vue({
el: "#app",
template: `<app></app>`,
components: {
'app': App,
},
router: router
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
五、VueRouter参数实现原理
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<!--1. 引入vue-router-->
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ></div>
<script>
// 常用的两种查询方式
// xxx.html/user/1
// xxx.html/user/id=1
let userParams = {
template: `
<div>用户一信息</div>
`,
created () {
console.log('this: ', this);
console.log(this.$route);
console.log(this.$route.params.userId);
}
};
let userQuery = {
template: `
<div>用户二信息</div>
`,
created () {
console.log(this.$route);
console.log(this.$route.query.userId);
}
};
let App = {
template: `
<div>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'userParams', params: { userId: 1} }">用户一</router-link>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'userQuery', query: { userId: 2 } }">用户二</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
`,
};
// 在vue中使用vue-router
Vue.use(VueRouter);
// 创建一个VueRouter对象
let router = new VueRouter({
routes: [
{
name: 'userParams',
path: '/users/:userId',
component: userParams
},
{
name: 'userQuery',
path: '/users',
component: userQuery,
}
]
});
// 在vue中使用vue-router
new Vue({
el: "#app",
template: `<app></app>`,
components: {
'app': App,
},
router: router,
created () {
console.log('this: ', this);
console.log(this.$route);
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
六、VueRouter子路由
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.home {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
background-color: #0FC57C;
}
.courses {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
background-color: #5b80b2;
}
</style>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<!--1. 引入vue-router-->
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ></div>
<script>
let Home = {
template: `
<div class="home">这是首页</div>
`
};
let Courses = {
template: `
<div class="courses">课程页面
<div class="details">
<router-link to="details">课程详情</router-link>
<router-link to="students">学员故事</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
`
};
let Details = {
template: `
<div>课程详情页</div>
`
};
let Students = {
template: `
<div>学员故事</div>
`
};
let App = {
template: `
<div>
<router-link to="/">首页</router-link>
<router-link to="/courses">课程页面</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
`
};
let routes = [
{
path: '/',
component: Home
},
{
path: '/courses',
component: Courses,
children: [
{
path: 'details',
component: Details,
},
{
path: 'students',
component: Students
}
]
}
];
Vue.use(VueRouter);
let router = new VueRouter({
routes: routes,
});
new Vue({
el: "#app",
template: `<app></app>`,
router: router,
components: {
'app': App,
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
七、VueRouter子路由append
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.home {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
background-color: #0FC57C;
}
.courses {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
background-color: #5b80b2;
}
</style>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<!--1. 引入vue-router-->
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ></div>
<script>
let Home = {
template: `
<div class="home">这是首页</div>
`
};
let Courses = {
template: `
<div class="courses">课程页面
<div class="details">
<router-link to="details" append>课程详情</router-link>
<router-link to="students">学员故事</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
`
};
let Details = {
template: `
<div>课程详情页</div>
`
};
let Students = {
template: `
<div>学员故事</div>
`
};
let App = {
template: `
<div>
<router-link to="/">首页</router-link>
<router-link to="/courses">课程页面</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
`
};
let routes = [
{
path: '/',
component: Home
},
{
path: '/courses',
component: Courses,
children: [
{
path: 'details',
component: Details,
},
{
path: 'students',
component: Students
}
]
}
];
Vue.use(VueRouter);
let router = new VueRouter({
routes: routes,
});
new Vue({
el: "#app",
template: `<app></app>`,
router: router,
components: {
'app': App,
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
使用以上方式，路径是写死在属性中的，所以子路径会不断的append到最后，导致访问不到相应页面。可以采用另一种，动态绑定属性，如下代码所示：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
<style>
body {
margin: 0;
}
.all {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
}
.home {
background-color: #2aabd2;
}
.login {
background-color: #7acce4;
}
.register {
background-color: #4cae4c;
}
.courses {
background-color: #0FC57C;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div ></div>
<script>
Vue.use(VueRouter);
let Home = {
template: `
<div class="home all">
<h1>这是首页页面</h1>
</div>
`
};
let Login = {
template: `
<div class="login all">
<h1>这是登录页面</h1>
</div>
`
};
let Register = {
template: `
<div class="register all">
<h1>这是注册页面</h1>
</div>
`
};
let Courses = {
template: `
<div class="courses all">
<h1>这是课程页面</h1>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'lightcourses' }" append>轻课</router-link>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'degreecourses' }">学位课</router-link>
<router-view><router-view>
</div>
`
};
let LightCourses = {
template: `
<div>
<h1>这是学位课程页面</h1>
</div>
`
};
let DegreeCourses = {
template: `
<div>
<h1>这是轻课课程页面</h1>
</div>
`
};
let App = {
template: `
<div>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'home' }">首页</router-link>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'login' }">登录</router-link>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'register' }">注册</router-link>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'courses' }">课程</router-link>
<router-view><router-view>
</div>
`,
};
let routes = [
{
name: 'home',
path: '/home',
component: Home,
},
{
name: 'login',
path: '/login',
component: Login,
},
{
name: 'register',
path: '/register',
component: Register
},
{
name: 'courses',
path: '/courses',
component: Courses,
children: [
{
name: 'lightcourses',
path: 'lightcourses',
component: LightCourses
},
{
name: 'degreecourses',
path: 'degreecourses',
component: DegreeCourses
}
]
}
];
let router = new VueRouter({
routes: routes,
mode: 'history',
});
new Vue({
el: "#app",
template: `<App></App>`,
components: {
App,
},
router: router,
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
注意，必须使用name查找组件和路径的对应关系，而不能使用path。
八、VueRouter子路由非append
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.home {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
background-color: #0FC57C;
}
.courses {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
background-color: #5b80b2;
}
</style>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<!--1. 引入vue-router-->
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ></div>
<script>
let Home = {
template: `
<div class="home">这是首页</div>
`
};
let Courses = {
template: `
<div class="courses">课程页面
<div class="details">
<router-link to="/courses/details">课程详情</router-link>
<router-link to="/courses/students">学员故事</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</div>
`
};
let Details = {
template: `
<div>课程详情页</div>
`
};
let Students = {
template: `
<div>学员故事</div>
`
};
let App = {
template: `
<div>
<router-link to="/">首页</router-link>
<router-link to="/courses">课程页面</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
`
};
let routes = [
{
path: '/',
component: Home
},
{
path: '/courses',
component: Courses,
children: [
{
path: '/courses/details',
component: Details,
},
{
path: '/courses/students',
component: Students
}
]
}
];
Vue.use(VueRouter);
let router = new VueRouter({
routes: routes,
});
new Vue({
el: "#app",
template: `<app></app>`,
router: router,
components: {
'app': App,
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
九、VueRouter路由重定向redirect
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.home {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
background-color: #0FC57C;
}
.login {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
background-color: #5b80b2;
}
</style>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<!--1. 引入vue-router-->
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ></div>
<script>
let Home = {
template: `
<div class="home">这是首页</div>
`
};
let Login = {
template: `
<div class="login">这是登录页面</div>
`
};
let Details = {
template: `
<div>课程详情页</div>
`
};
let App = {
template: `
<div>
<router-link to="/">首页</router-link>
<router-link to="/login">登录页面</router-link>
<router-link to="/details">课程详情页</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
`
};
let routes = [
{
path: '/',
component: Home
},
{
path: '/login',
component: Login,
},
{
path: '/details',
redirect: '/login',
component: Details
}
];
Vue.use(VueRouter);
let router = new VueRouter({
routes: routes,
});
new Vue({
el: "#app",
template: `<app></app>`,
router: router,
components: {
'app': App,
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
十、VueRouter手动路由
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.home {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
background-color: #0FC57C;
}
.details {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
background-color: #5b80b2;
}
</style>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<!--1. 引入vue-router-->
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ></div>
<script>
let Home = {
template: `
<div>
<div class="home">这是首页</div>
</div>
`,
};
let Details = {
template: `
<div class="details">课程详情页</div>
`
};
let App = {
template: `
<div>
<router-link to="/">首页</router-link>
<button @click="myClick">点击跳转到课程详情页面</button>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
`,
methods: {
myClick: function () {
this.$router.push('/details');
}
}
};
let routes = [
{
path: '/',
component: Home
},
{
path: '/details',
component: Details
}
];
Vue.use(VueRouter);
let router = new VueRouter({
routes: routes,
});
new Vue({
el: "#app",
template: `<app></app>`,
router: router,
components: {
'app': App,
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
十一、VueRouter路由钩子
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.home {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
background-color: #0FC57C;
}
.login {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
background-color: #5b80b2;
}
.user {
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
background-color: #5b80b2;
}
</style>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<!--1. 引入vue-router-->
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ></div>
<script>
let homePage = {
template: `
<div class="home"><h3>这是首页</h3></div>
`
};
let loginPage = {
template: `
<div class="login"><h3>这是登录页面</h3></div>
`
};
let userPage = {
template: `
<div class="user"><h3>这是用户管理页面</h3></div>
`
};
let App = {
template: `
<div>
<router-link to="/">首页</router-link>
<router-link to="/login">登录</router-link>
<router-link to="userinfo">用户</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
`
};
let routes = [
{
path: '/',
component: homePage
},
{
path: '/login',
component: loginPage,
},
{
path: '/userinfo',
component: userPage,
}
];
Vue.use(VueRouter);
let router = new VueRouter({
routes: routes,
});
router.beforeEach(function (to, from, next) {
// 如果next的参数是具体的路径，则跳转到该路径
// 如果next没有被传入参数，则什么都不做，保持原来不变
// 如果next的参数是一个error实例，跳转终止
next();
});
new Vue({
el: "#app",
template: `<app></app>`,
components: {
'app': App
},
router: router,
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
十二、VueRouter在路径中去掉#号
在创建路由实例时，我们可以新增一个属性，该属性用来去掉在路径中显示#号，它的属性名为mode，属性值为’history’
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html >
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="../statics/vue.min.js"></script>
<script src="../statics/vue-router.js"></script>
<style>
body {
margin: 0;
}
.box {
line-height: 100px;
text-align: center;
}
.home {
background-color: #2aabd2;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
}
.login {
background-color: #2b9b2d;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
}
.register {
background-color: #4cae4c;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div ></div>
<script>
Vue.use(VueRouter);
let Home = {
template: `
<div class="home">
<h1>这是首页页面</h1>
</div>
`
};
let Login = {
template: `
<div class="login">
<h1>这是登录页面</h1>
</div>
`
};
let Register = {
template: `
<div class="register">
<h1>这是注册页面</h1>
</div>
`
};
let App = {
template: `
<div>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'home' }">首页</router-link>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'login' }">登录</router-link>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'register' }">注册</router-link>
<router-view><router-view>
</div>
`,
};
let routes = [
{
name: 'home',
path: '/home',
component: Home,
},
{
name: 'login',
path: '/login',
component: Login,
},
{
name: 'register',
path: '/register',
component: Register
}
];
let router = new VueRouter({
routes: routes,
mode: 'history',
});
new Vue({
el: "#app",
template: `<App></App>`,
components: {
App,
},
router: router,
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
