Linux下的GCC编译器内部预宏定义

Linux下的GCC编译器内部预宏定义

经常在一些开源的程序中看到一些宏定义,却看不到这些宏定义是在哪些地方定义的,其实有些宏定义是交叉编译工具GCC预定义好的,比如:__GNUC__,__ELF__等等,怎么看到这些宏定义呢,可以采用以下命令来查看:

gcc -E -dM - </dev/null :

root@ubuntu:~$ gcc -E -dM - </dev/null

#define __DBL_MIN_EXP__ (-1021)

#define __FLT_MIN__ 1.17549435e-38F

#define __CHAR_BIT__ 8

#define __WCHAR_MAX__ 2147483647

#define __GCC_HAVE_SYNC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_1 1

#define __GCC_HAVE_SYNC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_2 1

#define __GCC_HAVE_SYNC_COMPARE_AND_SWAP_4 1

#define __DBL_DENORM_MIN__ 4.9406564584124654e-324

#define __FLT_EVAL_METHOD__ 2

#define __unix__ 1

#define __DBL_MIN_10_EXP__ (-307)

#define __FINITE_MATH_ONLY__ 0

#define __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ 3

#define __DEC64_MAX_EXP__ 385

#define __SHRT_MAX__ 32767

#define __LDBL_MAX__ 1.18973149535723176502e+4932L

#define __UINTMAX_TYPE__ long long unsigned int

#define __linux 1

#define __DEC32_EPSILON__ 1E-6DF

#define __unix 1

#define __LDBL_MAX_EXP__ 16384

#define __linux__ 1

#define __SCHAR_MAX__ 127

#define __DBL_DIG__ 15

#define _FORTIFY_SOURCE 2

#define __SIZEOF_INT__ 4

#define __SIZEOF_POINTER__ 4

#define __USER_LABEL_PREFIX__

#define __STDC_HOSTED__ 1

#define __LDBL_HAS_INFINITY__ 1

#define __FLT_EPSILON__ 1.19209290e-7F

#define __LDBL_MIN__ 3.36210314311209350626e-4932L

#define __DEC32_MAX__ 9.999999E96DF

#define __SIZEOF_LONG__ 4

#define __DECIMAL_DIG__ 21

#define __gnu_linux__ 1

#define __LDBL_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1

#define __GNUC__ 4

#define __FLT_HAS_DENORM__ 1

#define __SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE__ 12

#define __BIGGEST_ALIGNMENT__ 16

#define __DBL_MAX__ 1.7976931348623157e+308

#define __DBL_HAS_INFINITY__ 1

#define __DEC32_MIN_EXP__ (-94)

#define __LDBL_HAS_DENORM__ 1

#define __DEC128_MAX__ 9.999999999999999999999999999999999E6144DL

#define __DEC32_MIN__ 1E-95DF

#define __DBL_MAX_EXP__ 1024

#define __DEC128_EPSILON__ 1E-33DL

#define __LONG_LONG_MAX__ 9223372036854775807LL

#define __SIZEOF_SIZE_T__ 4

#define __SIZEOF_WINT_T__ 4

#define __GXX_ABI_VERSION 1002

#define __FLT_MIN_EXP__ (-125)

#define __DBL_MIN__ 2.2250738585072014e-308

#define __DECIMAL_BID_FORMAT__ 1

#define __DEC128_MIN__ 1E-6143DL

#define __REGISTER_PREFIX__

#define __DBL_HAS_DENORM__ 1

#define __NO_INLINE__ 1

#define __i386 1

#define __FLT_MANT_DIG__ 24

#define __VERSION__ "4.4.3"

#define __DEC64_EPSILON__ 1E-15DD

#define __DEC128_MIN_EXP__ (-6142)

#define __i486__ 1

#define unix 1

#define __i386__ 1

#define __SIZE_TYPE__ unsigned int

#define __ELF__ 1

#define __FLT_RADIX__ 2

#define __LDBL_EPSILON__ 1.08420217248550443401e-19L

#define __SIZEOF_PTRDIFF_T__ 4

#define __DEC32_SUBNORMAL_MIN__ 0.000001E-95DF

#define __FLT_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1

#define __FLT_MAX_10_EXP__ 38

#define __LONG_MAX__ 2147483647L

#define __DEC128_SUBNORMAL_MIN__ 0.000000000000000000000000000000001E-6143DL

#define __FLT_HAS_INFINITY__ 1

#define __DEC64_MAX__ 9.999999999999999E384DD

#define __CHAR16_TYPE__ short unsigned int

#define __DEC64_MANT_DIG__ 16

#define __DEC32_MAX_EXP__ 97

#define linux 1

#define __LDBL_MANT_DIG__ 64

#define __DBL_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1

#define __WCHAR_TYPE__ int

#define __SIZEOF_FLOAT__ 4

#define __DEC64_MIN_EXP__ (-382)

#define __FLT_DIG__ 6

#define __INT_MAX__ 2147483647

#define __i486 1

#define __FLT_MAX_EXP__ 128

#define __DBL_MANT_DIG__ 53

#define __DEC64_MIN__ 1E-383DD

#define __WINT_TYPE__ unsigned int

#define __SIZEOF_SHORT__ 2

#define __LDBL_MIN_EXP__ (-16381)

#define __SSP__ 1

#define __LDBL_MAX_10_EXP__ 4932

#define __DBL_EPSILON__ 2.2204460492503131e-16

#define __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ 4

#define __DEC_EVAL_METHOD__ 2

#define __INTMAX_MAX__ 9223372036854775807LL

#define __FLT_DENORM_MIN__ 1.40129846e-45F

#define __CHAR32_TYPE__ unsigned int

#define __FLT_MAX__ 3.40282347e+38F

#define __SIZEOF_DOUBLE__ 8

#define __FLT_MIN_10_EXP__ (-37)

#define __INTMAX_TYPE__ long long int

#define i386 1

#define __DEC128_MAX_EXP__ 6145

#define __GNUC_MINOR__ 4

#define __DEC32_MANT_DIG__ 7

#define __DBL_MAX_10_EXP__ 308

#define __LDBL_DENORM_MIN__ 3.64519953188247460253e-4951L

#define __STDC__ 1

#define __PTRDIFF_TYPE__ int

#define __DEC64_SUBNORMAL_MIN__ 0.000000000000001E-383DD

#define __DEC128_MANT_DIG__ 34

#define __LDBL_MIN_10_EXP__ (-4931)

#define __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__ 8

#define __LDBL_DIG__ 18

#define __GNUC_GNU_INLINE__ 1

root@ubuntu:~$

而在嵌入式Linux下的交叉编译GCC中也是可以采用这样的命令来查看的,比如:arm-linux-gcc -E -dM - </dev/null 命令来查看的如下所示:

root@ubuntu:~$ arm-linux-gcc -E -dM - </dev/null

#define __DBL_MIN_EXP__ (-1021)

#define __FLT_MIN__ 1.17549435e-38F

#define __DEC64_DEN__ 0.000000000000001E-383DD

#define __CHAR_BIT__ 8

#define __WCHAR_MAX__ 4294967295U

#define __DBL_DENORM_MIN__ 4.9406564584124654e-324

#define __FLT_EVAL_METHOD__ 0

#define __unix__ 1

#define __DBL_MIN_10_EXP__ (-307)

#define __FINITE_MATH_ONLY__ 0

#define __ARMEL__ 1

#define __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ 4

#define __DEC64_MAX_EXP__ 384

#define __SHRT_MAX__ 32767

#define __LDBL_MAX__ 1.7976931348623157e+308L

#define __GXX_TYPEINFO_EQUALITY_INLINE 0

#define __UINTMAX_TYPE__ long long unsigned int

#define __linux 1

#define __DEC32_EPSILON__ 1E-6DF

#define __CHAR_UNSIGNED__ 1

#define __LDBL_MAX_EXP__ 1024

#define __linux__ 1

#define __SCHAR_MAX__ 127

#define __DBL_DIG__ 15

#define __SIZEOF_INT__ 4

#define __SIZEOF_POINTER__ 4

#define __USER_LABEL_PREFIX__

#define __STDC_HOSTED__ 1

#define __LDBL_HAS_INFINITY__ 1

#define __FLT_EPSILON__ 1.19209290e-7F

#define __APCS_32__ 1

#define __LDBL_MIN__ 2.2250738585072014e-308L

#define __DEC32_MAX__ 9.999999E96DF

#define __SIZEOF_LONG__ 4

#define __DECIMAL_DIG__ 17

#define __gnu_linux__ 1

#define __LDBL_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1

#define __GNUC__ 4

#define __FLT_HAS_DENORM__ 1

#define __SIZEOF_LONG_DOUBLE__ 8

#define __ARM_ARCH_5T__ 1

#define __DBL_MAX__ 1.7976931348623157e+308

#define __DBL_HAS_INFINITY__ 1

#define __DEC32_MIN_EXP__ (-95)

#define __THUMB_INTERWORK__ 1

#define __LDBL_HAS_DENORM__ 1

#define __DEC128_MAX__ 9.999999999999999999999999999999999E6144DL

#define __DEC32_MIN__ 1E-95DF

#define __DBL_MAX_EXP__ 1024

#define __DEC128_EPSILON__ 1E-33DL

#define __LONG_LONG_MAX__ 9223372036854775807LL

#define __SIZEOF_SIZE_T__ 4

#define __SIZEOF_WINT_T__ 4

#define __GXX_ABI_VERSION 1002

#define __SOFTFP__ 1

#define __FLT_MIN_EXP__ (-125)

#define __DBL_MIN__ 2.2250738585072014e-308

#define __DEC128_MIN__ 1E-6143DL

#define __REGISTER_PREFIX__

#define __DBL_HAS_DENORM__ 1

#define __NO_INLINE__ 1

#define __FLT_MANT_DIG__ 24

#define __VERSION__ "4.3.4"

#define __DEC64_EPSILON__ 1E-15DD

#define __DEC128_MIN_EXP__ (-6143)

#define unix 1

#define __SIZE_TYPE__ unsigned int

#define __DEC32_DEN__ 0.000001E-95DF

#define __ELF__ 1

#define __FLT_RADIX__ 2

#define __LDBL_EPSILON__ 2.2204460492503131e-16L

#define __VFP_FP__ 1

#define __SIZEOF_PTRDIFF_T__ 4

#define __FLT_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1

#define __FLT_MAX_10_EXP__ 38

#define __LONG_MAX__ 2147483647L

#define __FLT_HAS_INFINITY__ 1

#define __unix 1

#define __DEC64_MAX__ 9.999999999999999E384DD

#define __DEC64_MANT_DIG__ 16

#define __DEC32_MAX_EXP__ 96

#define linux 1

#define __DEC128_DEN__ 0.000000000000000000000000000000001E-6143DL

#define __LDBL_MANT_DIG__ 53

#define __DBL_HAS_QUIET_NAN__ 1

#define __WCHAR_TYPE__ unsigned int

#define __SIZEOF_FLOAT__ 4

#define __DEC64_MIN_EXP__ (-383)

#define __FLT_DIG__ 6

#define __INT_MAX__ 2147483647

#define __FLT_MAX_EXP__ 128

#define __DBL_MANT_DIG__ 53

#define __DEC64_MIN__ 1E-383DD

#define __WINT_TYPE__ unsigned int

#define __SIZEOF_SHORT__ 2

#define __LDBL_MIN_EXP__ (-1021)

#define __arm__ 1

#define __LDBL_MAX_10_EXP__ 308

#define __DBL_EPSILON__ 2.2204460492503131e-16

#define __SIZEOF_WCHAR_T__ 4

#define __DEC_EVAL_METHOD__ 2

#define __INTMAX_MAX__ 9223372036854775807LL

#define __FLT_DENORM_MIN__ 1.40129846e-45F

#define __FLT_MAX__ 3.40282347e+38F

#define __SIZEOF_DOUBLE__ 8

#define __FLT_MIN_10_EXP__ (-37)

#define __INTMAX_TYPE__ long long int

#define __DEC128_MAX_EXP__ 6144

#define __GNUC_MINOR__ 3

#define __DEC32_MANT_DIG__ 7

#define __DBL_MAX_10_EXP__ 308

#define __LDBL_DENORM_MIN__ 4.9406564584124654e-324L

#define __STDC__ 1

#define __PTRDIFF_TYPE__ int

#define __ARM_EABI__ 1

#define __DEC128_MANT_DIG__ 34

#define __LDBL_MIN_10_EXP__ (-307)

#define __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__ 8

#define __LDBL_DIG__ 15

#define __GNUC_GNU_INLINE__ 1

二:GCC attribute机制

GNU C的一大特色就是__attribute__机制。GNU C扩展的__attribute__ 机制被用来设置函数属性(Function Attribute)、变量属性(Variable Attribute)和类型属性(Type Attribute)。__attribute__书写特征是:__attribute__前后都有两个下划线,并切后面会紧跟一对原括弧,括弧里面是相应的__attribute__参数。

__attribute__语法格式为:__attribute__((attribute-list))

其位置约束为: 放于声明的尾部“:”之前。

函数属性(FunctionAttribute)

函数属性可以帮助开发者把一些特性添加到函数声明中,从而可以使编译器在错误检查方面的功能更强大。__attribute__机制也很容易同非GNU应用程序做到兼容之功效。

一个实际的例子是,动态库中有些函数的可见性,可以通过visibility来设置动态链接库中函数的可见性,将变量或函数设置为hidden,则该符号仅在本so中可见,在其他库中则不可见。

GNU C在编译时,可用参数-fvisibility指定所有符号的可见性(不加此参数时默认外部可见);若需要对特定函数的可见性进行设置,需在代码中使用__attribute__设置visibility属性。

编写大型程序时,可用-fvisibility=hidden设置符号默认隐藏,针对特定变量和函数,在代码中使用__attribute__ ((visibility("default")))另该符号外部可见,这种方法可用有效避免so之间的符号冲突。

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作者:wang-bob

来源:CSDN

原文:https://blog.csdn.net/wavemcu/article/details/43890305

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