Java Netty 服务端向客户端发送消息

说到netty通讯,回忆了下,还是18年的时候,学了了netty,至今就学习的时候写过一个项目。最近闲生,被要求做一个netty通讯的项目,顺手,总结一下,之前写的项目。

当时是写了一款访微信聊天的软件,所以用到了netty通讯,废话不过说,我们来直接上代码吧。

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

@Slf4j  
@Component
public class WSServer {

        private static class SingletionWSServer {
                static final WSServer instance = new WSServer();
        }

        public static WSServer getInstance() {
                return SingletionWSServer.instance;
        }

        private EventLoopGroup mainGroup;
        private EventLoopGroup subGroup;
        private ServerBootstrap server;
        private ChannelFuture future;

        public WSServer() {
                // 主线程组
                mainGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

                // 子线程组
                subGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
                // netty服务器的创建,ServerBootstrap是一个启动类
                server = new ServerBootstrap();
                server.group(mainGroup, subGroup)// 设置主从线程组
                                .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)// 设置nio双向通道
                                .childHandler(new WSServerInitializer());// 子处理器,用于处理subGroup
        }

        /**
         * 启动
         */
        public void start() {
                this.future = server.bind(9700);
                System.err.println("netty websocket server 启动完毕...");
                log.info("netty websocket server 启动完毕...");
        }

}

这个类用于创建netty的服务端链接,下面我们来配置启动的一些配置。

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateHandler;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
public class WSServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {

        @Override
        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                System.out.println("初始化 SocketChannel");
                log.info("初始化 SocketChannel");
                ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();

                //websocket 基于http协议,所以要http编解码器
                pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
                
                //对写大数据流的支持
                pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
                
                //对httpMessage进行聚合,聚合成FullHttpRequest或FullHttpResponse
                //几乎在netty中的编程,都会使用到此hanler
                pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(1024*64));
                
                //========================以上是用于支持http协议========================
                
                
                //========================增加心跳支持 start    ========================
                
                //针对客户端,如果在1分钟时没有想服务端发送写心跳(ALL),则主动断开
                //如果是读空闲或者写空闲,不处理
                pipeline.addLast(new IdleStateHandler(8, 10, 12));
                
                //自定义的空闲检测
                pipeline.addLast(new HeartBeatHandler());
                //========================增加心跳支持 end      ========================
                
                
                /**
                 * websocket服务器处理的协议,用于指定给客户端连接访问的路由: /ws
                 * 本Handler会帮助你处理一些繁重的复杂的事
                 * 会帮你处理握手动作: handshaking(close, ping, pong) ping + pong = 心跳
                 * 对于websocket来讲,都是以frames进行传输的,不同的数据类型对应的frames也不同
                 */
                pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/ws"));
                
                //自定义hanler
                pipeline.addLast(new ChatHandler());
        }

}

自定义空闲检测

import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleState;
import io.netty.handler.timeout.IdleStateEvent;

/**
 * 用于检测channel的心跳的handler 继承 ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter 从而不需要实现 channelRead0方法
 * 
 * @author wb0024
 *
 */
public class HeartBeatHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

        @Override
        public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception {

                // 判断evt是否是IdleStateEvent(用于触发用户事件,包含 读空闲/写空闲/读写空闲)
                if (evt instanceof IdleStateEvent) {
                        IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent) evt; // 强制类型转换

                        if (event.state() == IdleState.READER_IDLE) {
                                System.out.println("进入读空闲...");
                        } else if (event.state() == IdleState.WRITER_IDLE) {
                                System.out.println("进入写空闲...");
                        } else if (event.state() == IdleState.ALL_IDLE) {
                                System.out.println("channel关闭前users数量为:"+ChatHandler.users.size());
                                System.out.println("进入读写空闲...");
                                Channel channel = ctx.channel();
                                //关闭无用的channel,以防资源浪费
                                channel.close();
                                System.out.println("channel关闭后users数量为:"+ChatHandler.users.size());
                        }
                }
        }

}

自定义hanler

import com.imooc.enums.MsgActionEnum;
import com.imooc.utils.JsonUtils;

import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;

/**
 * 处理消息的handler
 * 
 * @author wb0024 TextWebSocketFrame:在netty中,是用于为websocket专门处理文本的对象,frame是消息的载体
 */
public class ChatHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {

        // 用于记录和管理所有客户端的channel
        public static ChannelGroup users = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);

        @Override
        protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception {

                // 获取客户端传输过来的消息
                String content = msg.text();

                System.out.println("处理消息的handler:" + content);
                Channel currentChannel = ctx.channel();

                // 1. 获取客户端发送的消息
                DataContent dataContent = JsonUtils.jsonToPojo(content, DataContent.class);

                Integer action = dataContent.getAction();
                System.out.println("action:" + action);
                // 2. 判断消息类型,根据不同的类型来处理不同的业务
                if (action == MsgActionEnum.CONNECT.type) {
                        // 2.1 当websocket 第一次open的时候,初始化channel,把用户的channel和userId关联起来
                        String senderId = dataContent.getChatMsg().getSenderId();
                        UserChannelRel.put(senderId, currentChannel);

                        // 测试
                        for (Channel channel : users) {
                                System.out.println(channel.id().asLongText());
                        }
                        UserChannelRel.output();

                } else if (action == MsgActionEnum.CHAT.type) {
                        // 2.2 聊天类型的消息,把聊天记录保存到数据库,同时标记消息的签收状态[未签收]
                        ChatMsg chatMsg = dataContent.getChatMsg();
                        String receiverId = chatMsg.getReceiverId();

                        DataContent dataContentMsg = new DataContent();
                        dataContentMsg.setChatMsg(chatMsg);

                        // 发送消息
                        // 从全局用户channel关系中获取接受方的channel
                        Channel receiverChannel = UserChannelRel.get(receiverId);
                        if (receiverChannel != null) {
                                // 当receiverChannel不为空的时候,从 ChannelGroup 去查找对应的channel是否存在
                                Channel findChannel = users.find(receiverChannel.id());
                                if (findChannel != null) {
                                        // 用户在线
                                        receiverChannel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(JsonUtils.objectToJson(dataContentMsg)));
                                }
                        }
                } else if (action == MsgActionEnum.KEEPALIVE.type) {
                        // 2.4 心跳类型的消息
                        System.out.println("收到来自channel为[" + currentChannel + "]的心跳包");
                }

        }

        /**
         * 当客户连接服务端之后(打开链接) 获取客户端的channel,并且放到ChannelGroup中去进行管理
         */
        @Override
        public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
                users.add(ctx.channel());
        }

        @Override
        public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {

                String channelId = ctx.channel().id().asLongText();
                System.out.println("客户端被移除,channelId为:" + channelId);

                // 当触发handlerRemoved,ChannelGroup会自动移除对应的客户端channel
                users.remove(ctx.channel());
        }

        @Override
        public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
                cause.printStackTrace();
                // 发生异常之后关键channel。随后从ChannelGroup 中移除
                ctx.channel().close();
                users.remove(ctx.channel());
        }

}

  

定义channel管理

import java.util.HashMap;

import io.netty.channel.Channel;

/**
 * 用户id和channel的关联关系处理
 * 
 * @author wb0024
 *
 */
public class UserChannelRel {

        private static HashMap<String, Channel> manager = new HashMap<>();

        public static void put(String senderId, Channel channel) {
                manager.put(senderId, channel);
        }

        public static Channel get(String senderId) {
                return manager.get(senderId);
        }
        
        
        public static void output() {
                for (HashMap.Entry<String, Channel> entry : manager.entrySet()) {
                        System.out.println("UserId:" + entry.getKey() + 
                                        ",ChannelId:" + entry.getValue().id().asLongText());
                }
        }
}

其他类

import java.io.Serializable;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class ChatMsg implements Serializable {

        /**
         * 
         */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

        private String senderId; // 发送者的用户id
        private String receiverId; // 接受者的用户id
        private String msg; // 聊天内容
        private String msgId; // 用于消息的签收

}

  

import java.io.Serializable;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class DataContent implements Serializable {

        /**
         * 
         */
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

        private Integer action; // 动作类型
        private ChatMsg chatMsg; // 用户的聊天内容对象
        private String extand; // 扩展字段

}

 好了,到了这里一个简单的netty通讯就做好了