Centos7自动化脚本一键安装MySQL5.7

本文最近一次更新于2021.11.03

MySQL5.7源码安装包下载地址

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1N4Nh9YcYF_4cczFvweMDRQ

提取码：87fw

下载的文件请放在root目录下

按照以下方法安装会有个问题，那就是使用mysqldump等命令时，可能会提示socket文件找不到，需要添加参数--socket=/data/mysql/run/mysql.sock，或者把my.cnf里的socket对应目录路径改为/tmp/mysql.sock

以下脚本仅适用于测试环境，生产环境请谨慎使用！

本次使用了三个脚本。

分别复制执行以下脚本即可。

脚本1：配置my.cnf文件

#!/bin/bash
cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[mysql]
# CLIENT #
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/run/mysql.sock
disable-auto-rehash
default-character-set=gbk
[mysqld]
# GENERAL #
server_id = 128
port = 3306
user = mysql
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
character_set_server = gbk
auto_increment_increment = 2
auto_increment_offset = 1
lower_case_table_names = 1
socket = /data/mysql/run/mysql.sock
pid_file = /data/mysql/run/mysqld.pid
# MyISAM #
key-buffer-size = 32M
myisam-recover-options = FORCE,BACKUP
# SAFETY #
max_allowed_packet = 134217728
max_connections = 8192
max_user_connections = 8000
open_files_limit = 65535
skip-name-resolve
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
sysdate-is-now = 1
# DATA STORAGE #
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/data/
tmpdir = /data/mysql/tmp
# BINARY LOGGING #
log-bin = /data/mysql/log/binlog/master-bin
log-bin-index = /data/mysql/log/binlog/master-bin.index
expire-logs-days = 15
sync-binlog = 1
binlog_format = ROW
#RELAY LOGGING
relay-log=/data/mysql/log/relaylog/master-relay-bin
relay-log-index=/data/mysql/log/relaylog/master-relay-bin.index
sync_relay_log=1
# CACHES AND LIMITS #
tmp-table-size = 32M
max-heap-table-size = 32M
query-cache-type = 0
query-cache-size = 0
max-connections = 500
thread-cache-size = 50
open-files-limit = 65535
table-definition-cache = 1024
table-open-cache = 2048
# INNODB #
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/log/iblog
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/log/iblog
innodb-flush-method = O_DIRECT
innodb-log-files-in-group = 2
innodb-log-file-size = 256M
innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 1
innodb-file-per-table = 1
innodb-buffer-pool-size = 6G
# LOGGING #
general_log = off
log-error = /data/mysql/log/mysql-error.log
log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
slow-query-log = 1
slow-query-log-file = /data/mysql/log/mysql-slow.log
log_slave_updates=ON
EOF

脚本2：安装mysql

该脚本执行MySQL的安装，安装时采用--initialize-insecure选项不生成初始密码即安装完成后可以免密登录。

如果需要修改mysql安装位置，需要修改/etc/my.cnf里的basedir和下面./mysqld安装命令后的选项--basedir=/usr/local/mysql

#!/bin/bash
#新建mysql组
groupadd mysql
#新建mysql用户，指定组，不允许登录，不创建家目录。MySQL安装时不--user=mysql指定mysql用户好像是会报错或者提示，所以建议是新建mysql用户，也是基于安全考虑，哪怕数据库被黑，也不至于影响到root用户
useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
#-C解压到指定路径，/tmp有自动清空规则，Centos7是/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf。
tar -xvf mysql-5.7.36-el7-x86_64.tar.gz -C /tmp
#有些人会做软链接到/usr/local/mysql。我这里是直接覆盖到这个目录，没做软链接。MySQL二进制安装包解压后的文件是有用处的，要么做软链接要么保留直接用
#因为/usr/local/mysql要有解压后的MySQL二进制文件里support-files/mysql.server默认配置的是/usr/local/mysql路径，这个在后面配置systemctl服务控制命令用到
mv /tmp/mysql-5.7.36-el7-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
mkdir -pv /data/mysql/log/{iblog,binlog,relaylog}
mkdir -pv /data/mysql/{data,run,tmp}
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
chmod -R 755 /data/mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
#--initialize-insecure参数是用于创建一个密码为空的超级用户。--user=mysql指Run mysqld daemon as user。mysqld的帮助手册查看./mysqld --verbose --help
./mysqld --defaults-extra-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql --initialize-insecure 
#为什么不是在/etc/profile里改？其实/etc/profile和/etc/profile.d作用是一样的。只是profile里有指定循环读取profile.d下的环境配置文件。用profile.d好处在于可以实现解耦，避免频繁改动/etc/profile。变量$PATH前记得加\转义
echo "PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:\$PATH" >/etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh
if [ -f /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server ]; then
#cp后，可以通过/etc/init.d/mysqld start启动mysqld
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
else
echo "this is no mysql.server"
fi
sed -i 's/^mysqld_pid_file_path=.*$/mysqld_pid_file_path=\/data\/mysql\/run\/mysqld.pid/g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
#这里其实我们执行source /etc/profile也能让mysqld.sh生效
source /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/=enforcing/=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
#启动mysql。使用/etc/init.d/mysqld stop可停止mysql服务
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
echo "MySQL安装完成！如未正常启动，可尝试执行以下语句"
echo "请执行'source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh'"
echo "请执行'/etc/init.d/mysqld start'"

有个地方我还没琢磨透，那就是按照以上操作后，其实也可以直接用systemctl status/stop/start mysqld来控制服务启停。但是按我的理解应该还不行，需要再额外配置。这个我再琢磨下

脚本3：MySQL初始化配置（可选）

该脚本内容主要配置MySQL密码为123456，以及删除一些默认用户

#!/bin/bash
mysql -e "DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE User='';"
mysql -e "DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE host='localhost';"
mysql -e "DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE host='localhost.localdomain';"
mysql -e "DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE host='::1';"
mysql -e "SELECT host, user, authentication_string FROM mysql.user WHERE user = 'root';"
mysql -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;"
mysql -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;"
mysql -e "FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"

PS：如果安装失败，或者想卸载,只需要删除/data/mysql和/usr/local/mysql就可以卸载干净