Oracle VM VirtualBox虚拟机内Linux系统硬盘扩容步骤，CentOS6.5

1.首先获取要扩容的虚拟机的 UUID

VBoxManage 改命令在C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox目录内，可先添加该目录到环境变量。

C:\Users\yzkj-1008\VirtualBox VMs\CentOS65197>VBoxManage list hdds

UUID:           297f254e-ada0-4ddd-be61-552226c3df58
Parent UUID:    base
State:          created
Type:           normal (base)
Location:       C:\Users\yzkj-1008\VirtualBox VMs\CentOS65197\centos.vdi
Storage format: VDI
Capacity:       8192 MBytes
Encryption:     disabled

UUID:           840332aa-7efb-4167-b108-cea25b1bded6
Parent UUID:    base
State:          created
Type:           normal (base)
Location:       C:\Users\yzkj-1008\VirtualBox VMs\CentOS65198\CentOS65198-disk1.vdi
Storage format: VDI
Capacity:       8192 MBytes
Encryption:     disabled

UUID:           0e4317e3-2dd1-45f5-82e0-83a4469bf4ab
Parent UUID:    base
State:          created
Type:           normal (base)
Location:       C:\Users\yzkj-1008\VirtualBox VMs\CentOS65199\CentOS65199-disk1.vdi
Storage format: VDI
Capacity:       8192 MBytes
Encryption:     disabled

UUID:           536f5698-b4e0-4d03-bdcc-2450fb802707
Parent UUID:    base
State:          created
Type:           normal (base)
Location:       C:\Users\yzkj-1008\VirtualBox VMs\CentOS65197\newdisk.vdi
Storage format: VDI
Capacity:       8192 MBytes
Encryption:     disabled

2.虚拟机磁盘扩容

C:\Users\yzkj-1008\VirtualBox VMs\CentOS65197>VBoxManage modifyhd 297f254e-ada0-4ddd-be61-552226c3df58 --resize 16384

3.调整当前硬盘大小

[root@zendlinux ~]# df -h
Filesystem                        Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_zendlinux-lv_root  6.5G  4.8G  1.5G  77% /
tmpfs                             499M     0  499M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                         477M   51M  401M  12% /boot
workspace                          22G  6.4G   16G  30% /mnt/www

[root@zendlinux ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 17.2 GB, 17179869184 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2088 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000dc501

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        1045     7875584   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_zendlinux-lv_root: 7205 MB, 7205814272 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 876 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

把容量从6.5扩容到17.2G 单还不能使用

将空余磁盘创建为 sda4

[root@zendlinux ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 4
First cylinder (1045-2088, default 1045): 
Using default value 1045
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1045-2088, default 2088): 
Using default value 2088

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 3
Partition 3 does not exist yet!

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 4
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 4 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): w  
The partition table has been altered!

Disk /dev/mapper/vg_zendlinux-lv_swap: 855 MB, 855638016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 104 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@zendlinux ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda

Disk /dev/sda: 17.2 GB, 17179869184 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2088 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000dc501

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        1045     7875584   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda4            1045        2088     8383252   8e  Linux LVM

调整 LVM 大小先看看当前 Volume Group：

[root@zendlinux ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_zendlinux
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               7.51 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1922
  Alloc PE / Size       1922 / 7.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               Ou41cE-HyIM-IrsE-Ga3W-Tmmn-l5RX-sw58Zz

名称为 vg_zendlinux，可调整大小（resizable），当前大小为7.51 GB。

活动的 LVM 卷有

[root@zendlinux ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_zendlinux/lv_root' [6.71 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_zendlinux/lv_swap' [816.00 MiB] inherit

先将分配过来的新磁盘空间创建为一个新的物理卷

[root@zendlinux ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda4
  dev_is_mpath: failed to get device for 8:4
  Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created

然后使用新的物理卷来扩展 LVM 的vg_zendlinux

[root@zendlinux ~]# vgextend vg_zendlinux /dev/sda4
  Volume group "vg_zendlinux" successfully extended

然后扩展 LVM 的逻辑卷 vg_zendlinux/lv_root

[root@zendlinux ~]# lvextend /dev/vg_zendlinux/lv_root /dev/sda4
  Extending logical volume lv_root to 14.70 GiB
  Logical volume lv_root successfully resized

最后，调整逻辑卷文件系统的大小

[root@zendlinux ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg_zendlinux/lv_root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_zendlinux/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_zendlinux/lv_root to 3854336 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_zendlinux/lv_root is now 3854336 blocks long.

完成。看看效果：

[root@zendlinux ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_zendlinux/lv_root' [14.70 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_zendlinux/lv_swap' [816.00 MiB] inherit
[root@zendlinux ~]# df -h
Filesystem                        Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_zendlinux-lv_root   15G  4.8G  8.9G  35% /
tmpfs                             499M     0  499M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1                         477M   51M  401M  12% /boot
workspace                          22G  6.4G   16G  30% /mnt/www