Ruby 操作 Mysql ，2
**2016-05-25
**wilmosfang
** ruby
原文地址http://soft.dog/2016/05/25/ruby-mysql2-gem/
前言
使用 Ruby 处理各种任务时难免会和数据库打交道，而 Mysql 又是一款应用极其广泛的数据库
RubyGems 是 Ruby 的武器库，类似于 Perl 的 CPAN，各类封装好的处理逻辑应有尽有，我们可以充分利用这些成品包以减轻开发的工作量，其中的 mysql2 的 gem 就可以满足我们的需求
A simple, fast Mysql library for Ruby, binding to libmysql
这里我分享一下使用 Ruby 来操作 Mysql 数据库的相关基础，详细可以参考 mysql2
Tip: 当前的最新版本为 mysql2 0.4.4
概要
环境
[root@h102 ~]# cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
[root@h102 ~]# uname -a
Linux h102.temp 2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Oct 15 04:27:16 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@h102 ~]# ruby -v
ruby 2.3.0p0 (2015-12-25 revision 53290) [x86_64-linux]
[root@h102 ~]#
安装 mysql2
[root@h102 mysql]# gem source -l
*** CURRENT SOURCES ***
https://gems.ruby-china.org
[root@h102 mysql]# gem install mysql2
Fetching: mysql2-0.4.4.gem (100%)
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
Successfully installed mysql2-0.4.4
Parsing documentation for mysql2-0.4.4
Installing ri documentation for mysql2-0.4.4
Done installing documentation for mysql2 after 1 seconds
1 gem installed
[root@h102 mysql]#
Tip: 确认一下安装源，否则可能被墙，速度慢得没法忍
连接数据库
创建用户
先在目标数据库上创建一个用户，用于测试
Tip: 主要用于功能测试，所以创建一个大权限用户，生产环境下不建议这样
[root@h105 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 11
Server version: 5.6.27-76.0 Percona Server (GPL), Release 76.0, Revision 5498987
Copyright (c) 2009-2015 Percona LLC and/or its affiliates
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> GRANT ALL privileges ON *.* TO 'xxx'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxx';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>
连接数据库
[root@h102 mysql]# irb
2.3.0 :001 > require 'mysql2'
=> true
2.3.0 :002 > client = Mysql2::Client.new(:host => "192.168.100.105", :username => "xxx", :password => "xxx")
=> #<Mysql2::Client:0x00000001ba9180 @read_timeout=nil, @query_options={:as=>:hash, :async=>false, :cast_booleans=>false, :symbolize_keys=>false, :database_timezone=>:local, :application_timezone=>nil, :cache_rows=>true, :connect_flags=>2147525125, :cast=>true, :default_file=>nil, :default_group=>nil, :host=>"192.168.100.105", :username=>"xxx", :password=>"xxx"}>
2.3.0 :003 > client.class
=> Mysql2::Client
2.3.0 :004 >
查看连接是否可用
2.3.0 :021 > client.ping
=> true
2.3.0 :022 >
查看客户端信息
2.3.0 :022 > client.info
=> {:5.6.27-76.0", :header_version=>"5.6.27-76.0"}
2.3.0 :023 >
查看服务端信息
2.3.0 :023 > client.server_info
=> {:5.6.27-76.0"}
2.3.0 :024 >
Tip: 可以使用的连接选项如下
Mysql2::Client.new(
:host,
:username,
:password,
:port,
:database,
:socket = '/path/to/mysql.sock',
:flags = REMEMBER_OPTIONS | LONG_PASSWORD | LONG_FLAG | TRANSACTIONS | PROTOCOL_41 | SECURE_CONNECTION | MULTI_STATEMENTS,
:encoding = 'utf8',
:read_timeout = seconds,
:write_timeout = seconds,
:connect_timeout = seconds,
:reconnect = true/false,
:local_infile = true/false,
:secure_auth = true/false,
:default_file = '/path/to/my.cfg',
:default_group = 'my.cfg section',
:init_command => sql
)
在对安全要求更严格的环境下，可以使用 SSL 加密连接，前提是客户端和服务端都得编译对 SSL 的支持
Mysql2::Client.new(
# ...options as above...,
:sslkey => '/path/to/client-key.pem',
:sslcert => '/path/to/client-cert.pem',
:sslca => '/path/to/ca-cert.pem',
:sslcapath => '/path/to/cacerts',
:sslcipher => 'DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA',
:sslverify => true,
)
创建数据库
2.3.0 :024 > client.query("CREATE DATABASE `testxxx` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci")
=> nil
2.3.0 :025 >
在本地进行检查
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| Syslog |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| testxxx |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> show create database testxxx;
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| testxxx | CREATE DATABASE `testxxx` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci */ |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
创建表
2.3.0 :025 > client.query("CREATE table testxxx.test (id int(10),name char(20))")
=> nil
2.3.0 :026 >
在本地进行检查
mysql> use testxxx;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_testxxx |
+-------------------+
| test |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
mysql> show create table test\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: test
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `test` (
`id` int(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` char(20) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
插入数据
2.3.0 :040 > client.query("use testxxx")
=> nil
2.3.0 :041 > (1..100).each do |i|
2.3.0 :042 > client.query("insert into test(id,name) values(#{i},'hello#{i}')")
2.3.0 :043?> end
=> 1..100
2.3.0 :044 >
本地检查
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_testxxx |
+-------------------+
| test |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from test limit 10;
+------+---------+
| id | name |
+------+---------+
| 1 | hello1 |
| 2 | hello2 |
| 3 | hello3 |
| 4 | hello4 |
| 5 | hello5 |
| 6 | hello6 |
| 7 | hello7 |
| 8 | hello8 |
| 9 | hello9 |
| 10 | hello10 |
+------+---------+
10 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
捕获反馈结果并显示
2.3.0 :055 > r=client.query("show databases")
=> #<Mysql2::Result:0x00000001c3f810 @query_options={:as=>:hash, :async=>false, :cast_booleans=>false, :symbolize_keys=>false, :database_timezone=>:local, :application_timezone=>nil, :cache_rows=>true, :connect_flags=>2147525125, :cast=>true, :default_file=>nil, :default_group=>nil, :host=>"192.168.100.105", :username=>"xxx", :password=>"xxx"}>
2.3.0 :056 > r.class
=> Mysql2::Result
2.3.0 :057 > r.each do |x|
2.3.0 :058 > puts x
2.3.0 :059?> end
{"Database"=>"information_schema"}
{"Database"=>"Syslog"}
{"Database"=>"mysql"}
{"Database"=>"performance_schema"}
{"Database"=>"test"}
{"Database"=>"testxxx"}
=> [{"Database"=>"information_schema"}, {"Database"=>"Syslog"}, {"Database"=>"mysql"}, {"Database"=>"performance_schema"}, {"Database"=>"test"}, {"Database"=>"testxxx"}]
2.3.0 :060 >
基实就是反馈了所有的数据库列表，类似于以下结果
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| Syslog |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| testxxx |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
更新数据
2.3.0 :066 > r=client.query("update test set name = 'minitest' where )
=> nil
2.3.0 :067 > r.class
=> NilClass
2.3.0 :068 > r=client.query("select * from test where )
=> #<Mysql2::Result:0x00000001b3b248 @query_options={:as=>:hash, :async=>false, :cast_booleans=>false, :symbolize_keys=>false, :database_timezone=>:local, :application_timezone=>nil, :cache_rows=>true, :connect_flags=>2147525125, :cast=>true, :default_file=>nil, :default_group=>nil, :host=>"192.168.100.105", :username=>"xxx", :password=>"xxx"}>
2.3.0 :069 > r.each do |x|
2.3.0 :070 > puts x
2.3.0 :071?> end
{"id"=>12, "name"=>"minitest"}
=> [{"id"=>12, "name"=>"minitest"}]
2.3.0 :072 >
本地检查
mysql> select * from test where id=12;
+------+----------+
| id | name |
+------+----------+
| 12 | minitest |
+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
删除数据
2.3.0 :073 > r=client.query("delete from test where )
=> nil
2.3.0 :074 > r=client.query("select * from test where )
=> #<Mysql2::Result:0x00000001960590 @query_options={:as=>:hash, :async=>false, :cast_booleans=>false, :symbolize_keys=>false, :database_timezone=>:local, :application_timezone=>nil, :cache_rows=>true, :connect_flags=>2147525125, :cast=>true, :default_file=>nil, :default_group=>nil, :host=>"192.168.100.105", :username=>"xxx", :password=>"xxx"}>
2.3.0 :075 > r.each do |x|
2.3.0 :076 > puts x
2.3.0 :077?> end
=> []
2.3.0 :078 >
查询数据
2.3.0 :082 > r=client.query("select * from test limit 10")
=> #<Mysql2::Result:0x00000001c72800 @query_options={:as=>:hash, :async=>false, :cast_booleans=>false, :symbolize_keys=>false, :database_timezone=>:local, :application_timezone=>nil, :cache_rows=>true, :connect_flags=>2147525125, :cast=>true, :default_file=>nil, :default_group=>nil, :host=>"192.168.100.105", :username=>"xxx", :password=>"xxx"}>
2.3.0 :083 > r.each do |x|
2.3.0 :084 > puts x
2.3.0 :085?> end
{"id"=>1, "name"=>"hello1"}
{"id"=>2, "name"=>"hello2"}
{"id"=>3, "name"=>"hello3"}
{"id"=>4, "name"=>"hello4"}
{"id"=>5, "name"=>"hello5"}
{"id"=>6, "name"=>"hello6"}
{"id"=>7, "name"=>"hello7"}
{"id"=>8, "name"=>"hello8"}
{"id"=>9, "name"=>"hello9"}
{"id"=>10, "name"=>"hello10"}
=> [{"id"=>1, "name"=>"hello1"}, {"id"=>2, "name"=>"hello2"}, {"id"=>3, "name"=>"hello3"}, {"id"=>4, "name"=>"hello4"}, {"id"=>5, "name"=>"hello5"}, {"id"=>6, "name"=>"hello6"}, {"id"=>7, "name"=>"hello7"}, {"id"=>8, "name"=>"hello8"}, {"id"=>9, "name"=>"hello9"}, {"id"=>10, "name"=>"hello10"}]
2.3.0 :086 >
可以对这个结果集做些手脚，以更方便操作
2.3.0 :111 > r.class
=> Mysql2::Result
2.3.0 :112 > r.to_a.class
=> Array
2.3.0 :113 > r.to_a[1]
=> {"id"=>2, "name"=>"hello2"}
2.3.0 :114 > r.to_a[1]["id"]
=> 2
2.3.0 :115 > r.to_a[1]["name"]
=> "hello2"
2.3.0 :116 > r.to_a[0]["name"]
=> "hello1"
2.3.0 :117 > r.to_a[9]["id"]
=> 10
2.3.0 :118 >
兼容性
这个 gem 已经在 Linux 和 Mac OS X 上以下版本的 Ruby 中通过测试
- Ruby MRI 1.8.7, 1.9.3, 2.0.0, 2.1.x, 2.2.x, 2.3.x
- Ruby Enterprise Edition (based on MRI 1.8.7)
- Rubinius 2.x, 3.x
这个 gem 已经通过以下版本的 MySQL 和 MariaDB 的测试
- MySQL 5.5, 5.6, 5.7
- MySQL Connector/C 6.0 and 6.1 (primarily on Windows)
- MariaDB 5.5, 10.0, 10.1
命令汇总
- ruby -v
- gem source -l
- gem install mysql2
- irb
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