linux-tree命令详解

1、用法提示

~$ tree --help

usage: tree [-adfghilnpqrstuvxACDFNS] [-H baseHREF] [-T title ] [-L level [-R]]

[-P pattern] [-I pattern] [-o filename] [--version] [--help] [--inodes]

[--device] [--noreport] [--nolinks] [--dirsfirst] [--charset charset]

[--filelimit #] [<directory list>]

-a All files are listed.

-d List directories only.

-l Follow symbolic links like directories.

-f Print the full path prefix for each file.

-i Don't print indentation lines.

-q Print non-printable characters as '?'.

-N Print non-printable characters as is.

-p Print the protections for each file.

-u Displays file owner or UID number.

-g Displays file group owner or GID number.

-s Print the size in bytes of each file.

-h Print the size in a more human readable way.

-D Print the date of last modification.

-F Appends '/', '=', '*', or '|' as per ls -F.

-v Sort files alphanumerically by version.

-r Sort files in reverse alphanumeric order.

-t Sort files by last modification time.

-x Stay on current filesystem only.

-L level Descend only level directories deep.

-A Print ANSI lines graphic indentation lines.

-S Print with ASCII graphics indentation lines.

-n Turn colorization off always (-C overrides).

-C Turn colorization on always.

-P pattern List only those files that match the pattern given.

-I pattern Do not list files that match the given pattern.

-H baseHREF Prints out HTML format with baseHREF as top directory.

-T string Replace the default HTML title and H1 header with string.

-R Rerun tree when max dir level reached.

-o file Output to file instead of stdout.

--inodes Print inode number of each file.

--device Print device ID number to which each file belongs.

--noreport Turn off file/directory count at end of tree listing.

--nolinks Turn off hyperlinks in HTML output.

--dirsfirst List directories before files.

--charset X Use charset X for HTML and indentation line output.

--filelimit # Do not descend dirs with more than # files in them.

2、man手册

~$ man tree

NAME

tree - list contents of directories in a tree-like format.

SYNOPSIS

tree [-adfghilnopqrstuvxACDFNS] [-L level [-R]] [-H baseHREF] [-T title] [-o filename] [--nolinks] [-P pattern] [-I pat‐

tern] [--inodes] [--device] [--noreport] [--dirsfirst] [--version] [--help] [--filelimit #] [directory ...]

DESCRIPTION

Tree is a recursive directory listing program that produces a depth indented listing of files, which is colorized ala dir‐

colors if the LS_COLORS environment variable is set and output is to tty. With no arguments, tree lists the files in the

current directory. When directory arguments are given, tree lists all the files and/or directories found in the given

directories each in turn. Upon completion of listing all files/directories found, tree returns the total number of files

and/or directories listed.

By default, when a symbolic link is encountered, the path that the symbolic link refers to is printed after the name of the

link in the format:

name -> real-path

If the `-l' option is given and the symbolic link refers to an actual directory, then tree will follow the path of the sym‐

bolic link as if it were a real directory.

OPTIONS

Tree understands the following command line switches:

--help Outputs a verbose usage listing.

--version

Outputs the version of tree.

-a All files are printed. By default tree does not print hidden files (those beginning with a dot `.'). In no event

does tree print the file system constructs `.' (current directory) and `..' (previous directory).

-d List directories only.

-f Prints the full path prefix for each file.

-i Makes tree not print the indentation lines, useful when used in conjunction with the -f option.

-l Follows symbolic links if they point to directories, as if they were directories. Symbolic links that will result in

recursion are avoided when detected.

-x Stay on the current file-system only. Ala find -xdev.

-P pattern

List only those files that match the wild-card pattern. Note: you must use the -a option to also consider those

files beginning with a dot `.' for matching. Valid wildcard operators are `*' (any zero or more characters), `?'

(any single character), `[...]' (any single character listed between brackets (optional - (dash) for character range

may be used: ex: [A-Z]), and `[^...]' (any single character not listed in brackets) and `|' separates alternate pat‐

terns.

-I pattern

Do not list those files that match the wild-card pattern.

--noreport

Omits printing of the file and directory report at the end of the tree listing.

-p Print the file type and permissions for each file (as per ls -l).

-s Print the size of each file in bytes along with the name.

-h Print the size of each file but in a more human readable way, e.g. appending a size letter for kilobytes (K),

megabytes (M), gigabytes (G), terrabytes (T), petabytes (P) and exabytes (E).

-u Print the username, or UID # if no username is available, of the file.

-g Print the group name, or GID # if no group name is available, of the file.

-D Print the date of the last modification time for the file listed.

--inodes

Prints the inode number of the file or directory

--device

Prints the device number to which the file or directory belongs

-F Append a `/' for directories, a `=' for socket files, a `*' for executable files and a `|' for FIFO's, as per ls -F

-q Print non-printable characters in filenames as question marks instead of the default caret notation.

-N Print non-printable characters as is instead of the default carrot notation.

-v Sort the output by version.

-r Sort the output in reverse alphabetic order.

-t Sort the output by last modification time instead of alphabetically.

--dirsfirst

List directories before files.

-n Turn colorization off always, over-ridden by the -C option.

-C Turn colorization on always, using built-in color defaults if the LS_COLORS environment variable is not set. Useful

to colorize output to a pipe.

-A Turn on ANSI line graphics hack when printing the indentation lines.

-S Turn on ASCII line graphics (useful when using linux console mode fonts). This option is now equivalent to

`--charset=IBM437' and will eventually be depreciated.

-L level

Max display depth of the directory tree.

--filelimit #

Do not descend directories that contain more than # entries.

-R Recursively cross down the tree each level directories (see -L option), and at each of them execute tree again

adding `-o 00Tree.html' as a new option.

-H baseHREF

Turn on HTML output, including HTTP references. Useful for ftp sites. baseHREF gives the base ftp location when

using HTML output. That is, the local directory may be `/local/ftp/pub', but it must be referenced as `ftp://host‐

name.organization.domain/pub' (baseHREF should be `ftp://hostname.organization.domain'). Hint: don't use ANSI lines

with this option, and don't give more than one directory in the directory list. If you wish to use colors via CCS

stylesheet, use the -C option in addition to this option to force color output.

-T title

Sets the title and H1 header string in HTML output mode.

--charset charset

Set the character set to use when outputting HTML and for line drawing.

--nolinks

Turns off hyperlinks in HTML output.

-o filename

Send output to filename.

FILES

/etc/DIR_COLORS System color database.

~/.dircolors Users color database.

ENVIRONMENT

LS_COLORS Color information created by dircolors

TREE_CHARSET Character set for tree to use in HTML mode.

LC_CTYPE Locale for filename output.

AUTHOR

Steve Baker (ice@mama.indstate.edu)

HTML output hacked by Francesc Rocher (rocher@econ.udg.es)

Charsets and OS/2 support by Kyosuke Tokoro (NBG01720@nifty.ne.jp)

BUGS

Tree does not prune "empty" directories when the -P and -I options are used. Tree prints directories as it comes to them,

so cannot accumulate information on files and directories beneath the directory it is printing.

The -h option rounds to the nearest whole number unlike the ls implementation of -h which rounds up always. The IEC stan‐

dard names for powers of 2 cooresponding to metric powers of 10 (KiBi, et al.) are silly.

Pruning files and directories with the -I, -P and --filelimit options will lead to incorrect file/directory count reports.

Probably more.

SEE ALSO

dircolors(1L), ls(1L), find(1L)

Tree 1.5.3

3、用法实例

（1）查看使用方法

tree --help

（2）不带参数

tree

列出当前目录下所有深度的文件和目录

（3）指定查看目录

tree test/

（4）指定深度

tree -L 2 test/

-L 选项指定深度，后跟N表示目录层

（5）结果重定向

tree -L 3 test/ > test.txt